Budgetary Framework Of Ireland Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Budgetary Framework Of Ireland. Answer: Presentation The investigation centers around the Irish new budgetary system that leaves the country and the publicfinances uncovered in unfriendly occasions. Budgetary system alludes to the arrangement of strategies, foundations, courses of action and decides that underlie attitude of governments budgetary approaches. The spending system of Irish recently was money put together and mostly engaged with respect to yearly spending use the executives. The parts of new budgetary system of this country are likewise featured in this examination. During the time of 2008-2010, as money related just as financial emergency developed in this nation, spending the board was under investigation. Because of ascend in government shortage and open obligation, changes in spending the executives were required (Nerlich and Reuter 2013). In any case, Irish Fiscal Advisory Council (IFAC) was built up in July 2011 for achieving changes. The paper lao reflects about the deficits in execution of new budgetary system that has been recognized by IFAC. Parts of Irelands new budgetary structure One of the essential accomplishments for Ireland has been organization of their new budgetary structure. The legislature has actualized new budgetary structure so as to pick up staged decrease under water to more secure stage and to verify that financial believability is adequate for maintaining a strategic distance from harshness in terrible monetary stage (Mercille 2013). Along these lines, inadequate reception of budgetary structure leaves this country too aspublic accounts presented to stuns to be specific Brexit. Irelands spending plan 2017 reflects log jam in upgrade of open funds in the year 2016. This budgetary system reflects consistence with the standard of auxiliary parity. It likewise shows that expansion in spending for more significant salary in open area should balance by lower use in different sections (Turley 2013). The administration of Ireland has revered numerous new components in new budgetary system and presented developments in the technique of financial plan. The new budgetary system in 2017 has been executed for venturing towards building manageable and lively economy. The primary activities include: Presentation of duty credits that are refundable Ascend in government assistance rates Presentation of least corporate duty rate A speculation program concentrating on broadband and lodging conveyance One of the huge parts of new budgetary system of this country is the pattern of Finance Bill. It alludes to the methodology through which charge enactment of Ireland is being planned. The account Bill that has been distributed by Finance priest of Ireland includes barely any estimates that incorporates Duty ought to be paid by laborers of medical coverage associations on the advantages that they get from the protection approaches (NUSSLE 2012) Arrangement for high capital stipend of the types of gear that are actualized for improving vitality proficiency Arrangement for giving lawful impact to multilateral instrument of the OECD that guides in refreshing the current duty bargains of this country Special case of stamp obligation for prepared composers rental land inferable from citizens privacy Changes in confining the strategy for diminishing global speculators liabilities on the property exchanges Another segment of this budgetary structure is to offer better than average types of assistance just as foundation and lessen joblessness in the economy. In this year, gigantic slices to installments have been forced for upgrading improvement in this economy. The primary point of this new spending plan 2017 has been to lessen disparity in salary. Be that as it may, this spending structure likewise remember ascend for installment of social assurance. Tax assessment is additionally included as the key part of this new budgetary system as it assumes a noteworthy job in encircling Irish society. The budgetary structure in 2017 is the premise of strategy system for expanding adequate tax assessment so as to back foundation and administration level in the current time frame (Meade 2012). This new spending structure additionally mirrors that administration has set up least assessment rate for the corporate segment of around 6% that helps in guaranteeing that trans-nationals pay higher portion of this corporate expense. Furthermore, execution of refundable expense credit helps in taking care of the issue of low-pay workers in the economy. The purpose for this is as low-salary workers gains less, they doesn't go through their assessment credit and subsequently they profits by this decrease in annual expense. The other part of new budgetary structure incorporates multi-year spending roofs, great administration and supportability (Scarth 2014). The administration of Ireland has presented the organization government program for improving the straightforwardness of their new budgetary procedure. This program additionally helps in guaranteeing that autonomous spending office has been adequately resourced for satisfying their capacity in powerful manner. Basis for these parts Ireland has built up this new budgetary structure so as to deal with the use assignments consistently in successful manner. The change arrangement in the budgetary procedure has been actualized by the Ireland government so as to make this procedure increasingly straightforward. The two primary justifications behind this new budgetary structure incorporates European method of reasoning and Domestic basis (Lienert 2013). Eureopean method of reasoning characterizes the overflows over the nations. Then again, household justification is to maintain a strategic distance from ace cyclicality in great financial occasions and constrained changes at terrible period of the economy. The method of reasoning for distributing Finance Bill by Ireland government is to focus on vulture reserves and other remote financial specialists for profiting provisos in law of maintaining a strategic distance from installment of benefit charge that they hold. This area has been for the most part acquainted all together with advantage the business of money related administrations by execution of creative estimates that plans in animating development and guaranteeing seriousness in this industry (Guo and Neshkova 2013). In addition, the account clergyman of Ireland has announced that this Finance Bill will contain measures in confining the seaward defaulters open door in using the divulgence system. Corporate pace of duty have been considered as one of the crucial part of the venture condition in this country throughout the previous barely any decades. The assessment system of Ireland is straightforward and predominantly agrees to the rules of OECD and rivalry law of EU ( European Union). The primary highlights of the expense system of this country make it appealing areas for worldwide venture (Goodwin et al. 2014). The fund clergyman of Ireland holds corporate assessment rate at 12.5% in 2017 so as to stay serious and increment chance of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in this nation. This usage of decreased corporate duty rate encourages the associations of this nation in upgrading their development and extending their business in the worldwide market. The new budgetary system of this country mirrors that social government assistance installment has expanded by 5 pound in this year. The reason behind ascent in installment of social government assistance is to diminish the degree of destitution of this nation. It has opined by Collins (2014),near about portion of the Irish populace would live in destitution if the social government assistance installments have not been expanded. Be that as it may, sufficient installment of social government assistance helps the nation in forestalling just as tending to from destitution. Furthermore, ascend in center government assistance installments has not been sufficient in staying up with the benchmark. In this manner, further ascent in social government assistance installment has been required to decrease the hole between normal profit and government assistance installments. Oversight of spending plan with the assistance of good administration is indispensable as it makes the Ireland s government work for their Irish individuals. Great administration alludes to the technique for dynamic and thus execution of it encourages the legislature of Ireland in conveying better administrations to their kin (Carlitz 2013). The new spending structure has been set up by the Irish government by concentrating on improvement of administration just as responsibility in each country. Moreover, the basis for another part that is multi-year spending roofs is to open the basic way, arranging just as prioritization in each sections with parliamentary oversight and open info. Deficiencies in execution as recognized by the IFAC in this setting of spending plan 2017 The IFAC s order is to : Assess the official forecast that is delivered by the Finance division. These are fundamentally the macroeconomic just as budgetary forecast that are distributed by this office. Evaluate whether the administrations monetary position is useful to reasonable budgetary administration (Kinsella 2012). Screen and assess budgetary standard that has been surrounded in Fiscal Responsibility Act. Along these lines, this budgetary standard mirrors that the spending plan surrounded by Ireland government is in overflow. As per this budgetary structure, to evaluate whether rebelliousness is the result of uncommon circumstance. This anyway implies harsh financial downturn or unfavorable occasions have colossal impact on their situation of budgetary structure. Support the macroeconomic forecast that has been encircled by the IFAC on which update of strength program are based. IFAC has accomplished high notoriety of fitness just as autonomy since its foundation. One of the tremendous insufficiencies of IFAC is absence of assets for observing the budgetary procedure in opportune manner. Besides IFAC has adaptability in going through their assets with the given roofs (Burda and Wyplosz 2013). This IFAC has likewise evolved criticism model so as to assess whether the set focuses of the Ireland government shortfall can be achieved. What's more, in spite of the fact that it help the administration in encircling the budgetary structure, it doesn't examine the new budgetary system proposition for the present financial year. A portion of the deficits of the usage of this new

International Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Worldwide Criminal Law - Essay Example of worldwide wrongdoings is much increasingly confused on the grounds that the authorization of the reformatory rule is done by universal bodies against singular people for acts submitted in various nations. Where the worldwide court has purview, in any case, it can add further definition to another offense. Such is the situation with the wrongdoing of slaughter. The wrongdoing of decimation is a moderately new name for a savage demonstration that had since a long time ago existed, simply on the grounds that it has as of late been condemned. Quigley2 alludes to the wrongdoing of massacre comprising of coercive acts that are coordinated against singular individuals from a gathering in a manner that compromises a gathering, albeit closer assessment uncovers that there are fine focuses that qualify demonstrations of annihilation. Most such barbarities are unintentional to the event of war. In the twentieth century, the most punctual such monstrosity was in 1915 when Turkey, expecting that its 2,000,000 Armenian populace would agree with its foes, started extraditing this populace to Syria and Mesopotamia. The expelling was especially fierce and included a few mass executions, during which a few hundred Armenians kicked the bucket, inciting Arnold Toynbee to mourn it as â€Å"the murder of a nation.†3 It took a whole new universal war and an additional three decades before the offense of annihilation was imagined. The Germans carried out such viciousness against aimless and endless individuals that Churchill denounced it as â€Å"a wrongdoing without a name†.4 The term â€Å"genocide† was instituted by Raphael Lemkin, a Polish attorney who got away from Nazi occupation and worked in Washington war insight. The word, as Lemkin himself depicted, is â€Å"a crossover comprising of the Greek qualities significance race, country or clan; and the Latin cide meaning killing5 (for example self destruction, murder). In the wake of having chronicled the outrages of the Third Reich, Lemkin had a surrounded point of view of what might contain the offense of decimation. He composed that: â€Å"Genocide is affected through a

Influence of 16th Century Society on English Literature Free Essays

The Sixteenth Century (1485-1603) Literary works in sixteenth-century England were only every once in a long while made in detachment from different flows in the social and social world. The limits that isolated the writings we presently view as tasteful from different writings that took an interest in the scenes of intensity or the deadly clashes of adversary strict groups or the explanatory techniques of suggestive and political romance were permeable and continually moving. It is flawlessly worthy, regarding Renaissance messages as though they were islands of the self-sufficient scholarly creative mind. We will compose a custom exposition test on Impact of sixteenth Century Society on English Literature or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Probably the best author of the period, Sir Philip Sidney, shielded verse in simply such terms; the writer, Sidney writes in The Defense of Poetry(NAEL 1. 933-54), isn't obliged commonly or history however openly runs â€Å"only inside the zodiac of his own mind. † Many sixteenth-century specialists, for example, Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, and William Shakespeare, agonized on the supernatural, changing intensity of workmanship. This force could be related with class and goodness, as Sidney claims, however it could likewise have the evil characteristics showed by the â€Å"pleasing words† of Spenser’s sorcerer, Archimago (NAEL 1. 63), or by the mantras of Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus (NAEL 1. 990-1025). It is critical that Marlowe’s extraordinary play was composed at once in which the chance of witchcraft was not simply a dramatic dream but rather a broadly shared dread, a dread whereupon the state could act with unpleasant fierceness. Marlowe’s disaster rises not just from a culture in which deals with the villain are possible as genuine occasions yet additionally from a world where a large number of the most major presumptions about profound life were being raised doubt about by the development known as the Reformation. Catholic and Protestant voices battled to verbalize the exact convictions and practices thought essential for the soul’s salvation. One key site of contention was the Bible, with Catholic specialists attempting fruitlessly to stop the course of the unapproved Protestant interpretation of Scripture by William Tyndale, an interpretation wherein teachings and institutional structures vital to the Roman Catholic church were legitimately tested. The Reformation is firmly connected to a large number of the writings imprinted in the sixteenth-century area of Spenser’s Faerie Queene (NAEL 1. 628-772), for instance, in which a firmly Protestant knight of Holiness battles against the sinister powers of Roman Catholicism. Content: The Norton Anthology of English Literature Vol. 1. sixth ed. (NAEL) Step by step instructions to refer to Influence of sixteenth Century Society on English Literature, Papers

The Inevitable Revolution Exploring Marx and Engel’s Promise - Literature Essay Samples

As the authors of The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are known as the initiators of communist and Marxist theories; many of their ideas are still at the heart of contemporary critiques of capitalism’s excesses. In their Manifesto, Marx and Engels famously predicted that the proletariat of the world would one day rise up in an inevitable revolution against their bourgeois â€Å"masters,† so to speak, and that then these proletarians would take control of the means of production for themselves, abolish property, and initiate communist societies. The problem with this prediction is that almost two centuries have passed since it was offered in the Manifesto and nothing even remotely close to an international proletarian revolution has occurred. Even on a smaller scale, no true communist nation has arisen in this time span either. In light of these facts, some have wondered whether or not Marx and Engels were too bold in their estimation that a proletari an revolution was inevitable. Has the capitalists’ control on the means of production become so entrenched that a revolution cannot be mounted? Has not enough time elapsed for the inevitable revolution to yet take place? Or is economic injustice so currently rampant that the members of the proletariat have missed their opportunity to rise up? The answers to these questions are not clear. But in order to explore Marx and Engel’s promise of a revolution more closely, this paper intends to analyze why Marx and Engels thought a proletarian revolution would occur in the first place and how the two thinkers might have been mistaken in regard to their predicted revolution as a result of their miscalculating human nature. First, let us begin by analyzing why Marx and Engels thought that a proletarian revolution was inevitable. The two thinkers thought that once workers began to band together and realize that they are being economically exploited by the bourgeoisie, then trade unions would be formed in order to organize labor and to strengthen its negotiation position: â€Å"[T]he proletariat not only increases in number; it becomes concentrated in greater masses, its strength grows, and it feels that strength more. The various interests and conditions of life within the ranks of the proletariat are more and more equalized †¦ Thereupon the workers begin to form combinations [i.e. trade unions] against the bourgeois.† (Marx Engels 1948). Here we can see that the forming of unions is the first foreboding of the revolution for Marx and Engels, because they see such formation as the catalyst that will show the proletariat that they all have the same interests, problems, and abusers. The authors thought that this realization would spread through the proletariat like wildfire until they would inevitably decide to rise up against the bourgeois and depose their oppressors. And such unions would not be necessary in the first place if the bourgeois did not make profits off of the surplus labor of their worker. It is precisely this manipulation, or even stealing, of workers’ surplus labor by the bourgeois that caused Marx and Engels to think a revolution was inevitable, because in their minds the workers would eventually see the inherent injustice of others profiting from the fruits of their labor. Thus it was thought by the two theorists that the proletariat would rise in revolution and stop bourgeois injustices once a nd for all (Marx Engels 1948). Ultimately, Marx and Engels thought that unions would lead to the decline of nationalism, which would in turn set the stage for an international and inevitable uprising against the capitalists (Marx Engels 1948). But since the revolution that Marx and Engels forecasted has yet to take place, and since it seems like no such revolution will take place any time soon, if ever, it is likely that the two philosophers made a miscalculation in their understanding of human nature. While reading through the text, I discovered a particular passage that seems to indicate that this reality is actually the case. In this portion of the Manifesto, Marx and Engels predicted that laborers would lose their nationalist attitudes at a rate that simply has not materialized over the past two centuries: â€Å"The workingmen [will] have no country †¦ National differences and antagonisms between peoples are vanishing gradually from day to day, owing to the development of the bourgeoisie, to freedom of commerce, to the world market, to uniformity in the mode of production and in the conditions of life corresponding thereto.† (Marx Engels 1948). It is here that Marx Engels might have been too bold in their estimation of human nature. The previous quote seems to suggest that it is imminent that the formation of unions will lead to a dissolution of nationalist interests throughout the global workforce, which would have set the stage for an international proletarian revolution. But unions have formed in the world over the past two centuries and nationalist divisions are still as present throughout the globe as ever. Wars and national disagreements still take place and the laborers of the world still band behind their homelands, regardless of their being in unions. Therefore, it is clear that Marx and Engels thought that people would be quicker to support a grand and international struggle; what they failed to recognize is that humans are short-sighted creatures who are difficult to rouse for anything that does not immediately affect them. Perhaps they were too hopeful, but it does appear that Marx and Engels believed that peop le would be able to move beyond their personal and national existences to partake in a global communist struggle; as the past two centuries have shown, people have simply not acted this way. All in all, no communist nation has ever truly appeared on earth, as no country has ever been organized in such a way that the laborers own the means of production. And since this is the case, obviously no international proletarian revolution has yet occurred either. In my research of The Communist Manifesto, I have seen several scholars argue that while Marx and Engels were excellent at critiquing capitalism as an economic structure, they provided few details on how a future of communist societies might emerge (Wolff 2015). Therefore, it does seem that they overestimated peoples’ willingness to look at and sacrifice themselves for revolutionary economic change. But it is also perhaps possible that not enough time has yet elapsed for Marx and Engels’s revolution to occur and that the process will be much slower than the two thinkers seemed to suggest in The Communist Manifesto. But whatever happens in the coming decades, we should not disregard all of Marx and Engelsâ⠂¬â„¢s ideas simply because they may have have been flawed. There are still many areas of their theories that are relevant in critiques of capitalism today, and it is still possible that workers will one day band together across the globe. The reasonable timeframe of such an occurrence, however, is impossible to estimate. References Marx, K., Engels, F. (1948). The Communist Manifesto. New York: International. Wolff, J. (2015). Karl Marx. Retrieved March 18, 2016, from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marx/#1

Role and Practices in Management Accounting Today

|ACC601: Managerial Accounting | | | | | |Role and Practices in Management Accounting Today | | | | | | | | | Table of Contents 1. Definition 3 1.1 Management†¦show more content†¦It is an integral part of the management process, distinctly adds value by continuously probing whether resources are used effectively by people and organizations in creating value for customers, shareholders or other stakeholders. The field of organizational activity encompassed by management accounting has developed through four evolutionary yet recognizable stages. Figure below shows the four evolutionary stages Figure: The Four Phases of Evolution of Management Accounting Source: IFAC, 1998: Revised International management accounting practice 1 #1, Management-accounting systems report the results of operations using financial and non-financial measures. These systems also help project and plan future operations. The company ABC for examples need some information to have new product these include better product cost data and metrics of on-time delivery of products. These items exemplify two of the many measures dealt with in management accounting. Cost is an example of a measure expressed in financial terms, while on-time delivery is an example of an operational measure. PURPOSE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING—THE STRATEGIC TRIANGLE The fundamental purpose of management accounting is to help an organization achieve its strategic objectives. Meeting these objectives satisfies theShow MoreRelatedRole Of Managerial And Managerial Accounting1029 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of managerial accounting has played a significant role in the success of businesses dating as far back as the 19th century. Service and production operations during the days of the industrial revolution were not nearly as sophisticated then as they are today. 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There have been a number of practices implemented over time that includes statistical process control (SPC), Theory of Constraints (TOC), Just-in-Time inventory management (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), Six Sigma, and Total Preventive Maintenance (TPM). Each of these has made a marginal contribution to the mindset of continuous process improvement. Rather than

Finding the Leader in You - 1009 Words

Assignment 1: Finding the Leader in You: Self-Assessment/ Johari Window The purpose of this paper to better understand Organizational Behavior and how I fit in the dynamic of it. Organizational Behavior is the study of human behavior in organizations (Schermerhorn, Jr., Osborn, Uhl-Bien, amp; Hunt, 2012). Organizations have been forced to adopt new strategies and try new processes to remain successful. If the companies do not keep up with the continuous evolvement, they will fall behind. With all of the changes taking place, it is very important for individuals to know their strengths and weaknesses to reach their goals. What better way to do so but to take self-assessments to help point out what we may not know. We may believe we†¦show more content†¦As a former teacher I was able to fulfill my characteristic traits of being an extrovert and staying adaptable to any situation. On a day to day basis managing over 100 students you never knew what was going to come at you. It was your responsibility to handle the situations in a mature but calm manner. As a marketing director I had to be a people person. I couldn’t be shy when having to go and spread the work and obtain donations for our non-profit agency. I had to be creative to come up with fundraisers that would catch the communities’ attention. I do believe assessments are a great asset. When starting out in my first interviews, I truly thought that they were a waste of time. With the growing pace of today’s companies it is very smart to understand the personalities of your employees and how they will fit in your company model. These assessments also give you the opportunity to understand exactly what it is we would need to work on personally to be needed by the company we are applying for. If we open our minds to being honest with the answers to gain real results, the test can be very beneficial. The assessment that I enjoyed the most was the Johari Window. 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Factor of Critical chain project management - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Factor of Critical chain project management. Answer: Introduction Project Title Development of an Implementation Plan for Delirium Screening Tool in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of ABC Hospital Project Background Delirium is a medical condition in which, a patients mental condition decays causing a state of confusion. In this condition, the patient fails to respond to external stimuli correctly and shows abnormal behaviour. Delirium can be caused by a large number of factors including alcohol consumption, untreated and underlying diseases and others. Delirium can cause serious impacts on the health of a patient and hence, should be treated with utmost care. However, detection of delirium is not an easy task and it requires screening using certain medical tools. ABC Hospital do not have such screening tools and hence, treatment of delirium patients in the ICU ward of the hospital takes time. The operations manager of the hospital has decided to execute a project through which a delirium screening tool along with sufficient technical setup will be installed and implemented in the ICU ward of the hospital. This will make the treatments of delirium patients easier and detection of the condition w ill also be faster. Scope The scope of this project includes the installation and implementation of a delirium screening tool in the intensive care unit of the ABC Hospital. The delirium screening tool will help to identify whether a patient is delirium affected or not. The scope also includes allocation of sufficient budget, deployment of implementation team and testing of the new screening tool. Aim The aim of the project is to purchase, install, test and implement a delirium screening tool for the intensive care unit of ABC Hospital within a given timeframe. Objective(s) The main objectives of the project are as follows. To install and deploy a delirium screening tool in the intensive care unit of ABC Hospital To train the doctors and nurses for using the tool for faster and accurate identification of delirium in the patients To complete the project within a specified timeline Outcome(s)/Benefits The main outcome of the project is a working delirium screening tool that can be efficiently used by doctors and nurses for identification of delirium in patients. The main benefit of the project is that with the help of the tool, delirium of the patients can be identified faster and treated with urgent response. Output(s) / Deliverables The outputs of the project are as follows. New delirium screening system Well trained nurses for assisting in treatment of delirium Faster treatment for delirium affected patients Assumptions and Constraints Assumptions The main assumptions for the project are as follows. It has been assumed that the project can be executed within the allocated budget. It has been assumed that the nurses and doctors will be able to handle the screening tool efficiently. It has been assumed that the new screening tool will decrease the response time to delirium affected patients. Constraints The constraints of the project are as follows. The delirium screening tool is expensive and may require additional budget for the purchase and implementation. The tool is quite new and hence, the doctors and nurses may need a long period of time to get used to the use of the tool efficiently. Work Breakdown Structure, Schedule / Milestones Timeline estimation The estimated timeline for the project is around 5 months and will take place between December 2017 and April 2018. The work breakdown structure on which, the timeline is based is shown as follows. Figure 1: Work Breakdown Structure of the Project (Source: Created by Author) Project Management Office Structure Governance Structure Figure 1: Governance Structure for the Implementation of Delirium Screening Tool Project From the given governance structure, the most important parties required will be consultants and working parties. The consultants will analyse the existing technical setup in the hospital and provide suitable recommendations to the authority regarding the project. The working party will include the procurement staff and the technical experts who will procure and implement the delirium screening tool in the intensive care unit of the ABC Hospital. Project Sponsor/Steering Committee The project will be sponsored by Mr. Roger Finch, CEO of Heal-o-Medic, a pharmaceutical company based in Australia. He will provide the necessary funds required to install the screening tool in the ICU of ABC Hospital and will sign a business contract with the hospital for the sale and use of the medicines manufactured by his company. Project Manager The project manager has decided on certain day to day activities that must be done throughout the course of the project. These activities are as follows. Initial planning and budgeting Daily Progress Reports Up to date project finance tracker Project Log Weekly Team Meeting Nominee: Mr. James Hudson, Operations Manager, ABC Hospital Project Team The proposed project team is: Nominee(s): [James Hudson], [Project Manager], [ABC Hospital] [full time] [Thomas Rogic], [Finance Manager], [ABC Hospital] [full time] [Roger Finch], [Sponsor], [Heal-o-Medic] [full time] [Andy Mason], [Supplier], [Hospital Equipment Supplies Pty. Ltd.] [part time] [George Moore], [Technical Expert], [Bioengineering Solutions Ltd.] [part time] Working Parties/Groups The working party will involve a group of technical experts and specialists who will take care of the implementation of the new delirium screening tool. The team will be led by George Moore, the technical expert hired from Bioengineering Solutions Ltd. and he will lead a group of three experts who will install and test the tool as per the requirements of the hospital. The team will also conduct a training session for doctors and nurses so that they can handle and operate the tool. Reporting Requirements Reporting is necessary for the project as the project manager will need to monitor the progress of the project. The working team should fill in the project log at the end of each day that will be collated and forwarded to the project manager in the form of project progress report at the end of each week. At that time, team meetings will be held in which, the progress report will be discussed. Stakeholder Management Communication Management Plan Stakeholder Communication Need Communication Method What and when Who is responsible? Project Manager For letting know the progress of the project, additional funds request, change management Weekly Progress Reports, Verbal At the end of each week during team meetings Project Working Team Financial Manager Additional resource and funds request Project Finance Report Whenever necessary Project Working Team Sponsor Budget requirements Telecommunication During project planning Project Manager Supplier Resource requirements Requirement list During resource procurement Project Manager Technical Expert Implementation of the tool Verbal During project planning Project Manager Human Resources and Cost Management Requirements Budget and Expenditure The entire budget for the project is estimated around $650,000 including costs of all resources, wages and administration costs. However, the budget is estimated based on the current market values and will change if the market changes significantly. Hence, a buffer budget of $50,000 should be kept in case the actual costs exceed the estimated costs. Hence, the total budget for the project should be $700,000. Other Resources The overall resource requirements of the project are listed in the following table. Human Resource Material Resource Technical Expert Delirium Screening Device Implementation Team Computer Training Team Training Equipments Risk Management Plan Some of the major risks associated with the project are budget risks and technical expertise risks. Both of these risks can cause serious implications on the project and must be addressed during the planning phase itself and the project manager should monitor the project accordingly. Quality Management The quality management plan for the project will include the following aspects. Methodologies and Standards During project planning, certain standards will be set that must be followed in the project. The standards will include the quality of the tool, working features of the tool and others. The project work will be executed as per the order mentioned in the work breakdown structure. Monitoring Procedures The project manager should review project log and weekly project report at the end of each week for monitoring purpose. He will also bring changes if he finds scope creep or other issues during the project monitoring process. Review Process The review process will be done by the project manager at the end of each week of work. As per the plan, weekly progress report will be handed over to the project manager who will then review the document and make suitable changes accordingly. Change/Issues/Problem Management During the course of the project, there may arise some issues that must be solved in order to maintain the quality of the project. The project manager should monitor the project to identify such problems and make suitable changes accordingly. Review and Acceptance Procedures The review and acceptance of the project should be done by all the stakeholders using a review checklist. The stakeholders should check all the items mentioned in the list and complete the acceptance process. Documentation and Record Keeping The documentation will be done by the working group as per the progress of the project. At the end of each day, the technical expert will add the progress to the project log that will be kept for record keeping of the project. Project Closure Outcome Realisation The targeted outcomes will be entered into a checklist and at the end of the project, all the stakeholders including the project manager will check on each outcome as they are completed and meeting quality standards. If an outcome is not checked, the process is to be repeated again to ensure necessary quality is achieved. After the project is over, a training session will be conducted by the technical expert regarding the use of the delirium screening tool. The doctors and nurses will need to take part in the session and learn the effective use of the tool for the treatment of delirium patients. A review process will be held by the project manager to note down the lessons learnt by the stakeholders and appraise their performances accordingly. Bibliography Bellelli, G., Morandi, A., Davis, D.H., Mazzola, P., Turco, R., Gentile, S., Ryan, T., Cash, H., Guerini, F., Torpilliesi, T. and Del Santo, F., 2014. Validation of the 4AT, a new instrument for rapid delirium screening: a study in 234 hospitalised older people.Age and ageing,43(4), pp.496-502. Boud, D., Cohen, R. and Sampson, J. eds., 2014.Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge. De, J. and Wand, A.P., 2015. Delirium screening: a systematic review of delirium screening tools in hospitalized patients.The Gerontologist,55(6), pp.1079-1099. Fleming, Q.W. and Koppelman, J.M., 2016, December. Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Fox, C., 2017. Protocol for validation of the 4AT, a rapid screening tool for delirium: a multicentre prospective diagnostic test accuracy study.BMJ Open. Hendry, K., Quinn, T.J., Evans, J., Scortichini, V., Miller, H., Burns, J., Cunnington, A. and Stott, D.J., 2016. Evaluation of delirium screening tools in geriatric medical inpatients: a diagnostic test accuracy study.Age and ageing,45(6), pp.832-837. Hosie, A., Lobb, E., Agar, M., Davidson, P.M., Chye, R. and Phillips, J., 2015. Nurse perceptions of the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale in two palliative care inpatient units: a focus group study.Journal of clinical nursing,24(21-22), pp.3276-3285. Kerzner, H., 2017.Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards: a guide to measuring and monitoring project performance. John Wiley Sons. Kudchadkar, S.R., Yaster, M. and Punjabi, N.M., 2014. Sedation, sleep promotion, and delirium screening practices in the care of mechanically ventilated children: a wake-up call for the pediatric critical care community.Critical care medicine,42(7), p.1592. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Mehta, S., Cook, D., Devlin, J.W., Skrobik, Y., Meade, M., Fergusson, D., Herridge, M., Steinberg, M., Granton, J., Ferguson, N. and Tanios, M., 2015. Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of delirium in mechanically ventilated adults.Critical care medicine,43(3), pp.557-566. Nicholas, J.M. and Steyn, H., 2017.Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor Francis. Nishimura, K., Yokoyama, K., Yamauchi, N., Koizumi, M., Harasawa, N., Yasuda, T., Mimura, C., Igita, H., Suzuki, E., Uchiide, Y. and Seino, Y., 2016. Sensitivity and specificity of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) for detecting post-cardiac surgery delirium: a single-center study in Japan.Heart Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care,45(1), pp.15-20. Oh, E.S., Fong, T.G., Hshieh, T.T. and Inouye, S.K., 2017. Delirium in Older Persons: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment.Jama,318(12), pp.1161-1174. Rainsford, S., Rosenberg, J.P. and Bullen, T., 2014. Delirium in advanced cancer: screening for the incidence on admission to an inpatient hospice unit.Journal of palliative medicine,17(9), pp.1045-1048. Schieveld, J.N. and van Zwieten, J.J., 2016. From pediatrics to geriatrics: Toward a unified standardized screening tool for delirium: A thought experiment.Critical care medicine,44(9), pp.1778-1780. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Silver, G., Kearney, J., Traube, C. and Hertzig, M., 2015. Delirium screening anchored in child development: The Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium.Palliative supportive care,13(4), pp.1005-1011. Smith, H.A., Han, J.H. and Ely, E.W., 2016. Meeting the challenges of delirium assessment across the aging spectrum.Critical care medicine,44(9), pp.1775-1777. Snyder, C.S., 2014. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK () Guide. Project Management Institute. Tong, T., Chignell, M., Tierney, M.C. and Lee, J.S., 2016. Test-Retest Reliability of a Serious Game for Delirium Screening in the Emergency Department.Frontiers in aging neuroscience,8. Traube, C., Silver, G., Kearney, J., Patel, A., Atkinson, T.M., Yoon, M.J., Halpert, S., Augenstein, J., Sickles, L.E., Li, C. and Greenwald, B., 2014. Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium: a valid, rapid, observational tool for screening delirium in the PICU.Critical care medicine,42(3), pp.656-663. Turner, R., 2016.Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons. Voyer, P., Champoux, N., Desrosiers, J., Landreville, P., Monette, J., Savoie, M., Carmichael, P.H., Richard, S. and Bdard, A., 2016. Assessment of inattention in the context of delirium screening: one size does not fit all!.International Psychogeriatrics,28(8), pp.1293-1301. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

Racism In America Essays (924 words) - Discrimination,

Racism In America Racism is an institution in America. It has existed since our Nations beginning, and it is now woven into many facets of society. Historically, white males have held all of the power positions in society. White males were the doctors, lawyers, and policy makers. Although minorities hold some positions of power today, white males still hold the majority of them. Despite legislation that has attempted to alleviate inequality in America, The Department of Housing and Urban Development maintains that, "disparity in home ownership is still great"(Washington Post, p.E10). Housing secretary Andrew M. Cuomo cites home ownership rates of, "72.5% for whites, 45% for African-Americans, and 44% for Hispanic-Americans (Washington Post, p.E10). Home mortgage denial rates are, "26% for whites and 53% for African-Americans" (Washington Post, p.E10). Given the fore-mentioned statistics that obviously indicate racism, federal housing officials launched a year long 7.5 million dollar study to investigate the racist practices of mortgage lenders, landlords, and other housing officials. Discrimination has become more sophisticated since the Fair Housing Act became law 30 years ago, according to complaints from the department. Cuomo commented, "Then it was more in your face. Now it is not as loud, not as flagrant, but just as devastating" (Washington Post, p.E10). The article, "U.S. Study to Target Racism in Housing," explains the link between attitudes and behavior related to issues of power, inequality, and discrimination. The racist attitudes of people in power, carry over to their behavior, which result in the unfair treatment of minorities. One explanation for this cycle is the Reasoned Action Model (text, p.240). The Reasoned Action Model is a theory of social psychology that examines the relationship between our attitudes and our behaviors. The theory suggests that our behaviors are best predicted by our behavioral intentions. If a person intends to do something, he/she is more likely to do it. According to the Reasoned Action Model, our behavioral intentions are shaped by a person's attitude toward the behavior and their subjective norms. A person's attitude toward a behavior is based upon his/her beliefs and evaluations of the possible outcomes of a behavior. A person's subjective norms are comprised of his/her beliefs about what significant others will say about the behavior and its outcome. Subjective norms are also affected by the person's motivation to comply with the wishes of significant others. The behavior of housing officials who discriminate against minorities can be explained using the Reasoned Action Model. Although the majority of housing officials probably do not say, "Today I intend to be a racist," their attitudes toward minorities cause them to behave in a racist manner. A housing official who discriminates against minorities is doing so because of his/her beliefs about possible outcomes of the behavior. What would happen if minorities were awarded home mortgages? Racist housing officials are not concerned about limiting where minorities will live. They are concerned about what will happen to their communities if minorities are awarded home mortgages. Housing officials are taking the issue personally. They are wondering, "What if they move into my neighborhood? What if they move into my mother's neighborhood? What if they attend school with my children?" These housing officials also believe that they are protecting their families and carrying out their wishes. Racism is simply fear that comes from ignorance. No one will ever know every single person in a particular race, yet people tend to judge people according to their personal beliefs about a particular race. Why do some people feel like it is okay to judge an entire race based on stereotypes? A stereotype is, "a schema of beliefs that attributes a set of characteristics to most or all members of a social identity" (text p. 454). Stereotypes are typically inaccurate. Most stereotypes about minorities are negative. Racist people use stereotypes as justification for having negative attitudes toward minorities. Housing officials do not want minorities in their neighborhoods because they believe that minorities will not keep up their property. They believe that drugs and violence will enter their neighborhoods, and that the house they paid so much for will lose its value. Some people actually believe that African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans ruin safe, peaceful neighborhoods. Stereotypes are perpetuated by American society. The media typically portrays African-American and Hispanic-Americans as lazy, poor, and uneducated. Some African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans are lazy, poor, and uneducated. The problem begins when the whole race is characterized negatively, and good people have to suffer. Every American should have the right to be judged as an individual. Another factor that contributes to the racist attitudes and behavior of housing officials is stigmatization. Stigmatization

Free Marketing Mix Economics Esay

Free Marketing Mix Economics Esay Marketing Mix Marketing mix is a set of variables that can be run and put in place by marketing managers to effectively satisfy the needs of every target customer in a particular selected niche. A typical marketing mix constitutes a product, offered at a specific pre-determined price, with some promotion to let the target customers know information about the product, and a mode in which the product will be able to reach the customers place (Perreault McCarthy 2009). This paper delves deeper into description of the four elements that make up the marketing mix; product, place, promotion, and price, normally referred to as the 4Ps in the marketing world. Into the bargain, the four major elements of the marketing mix will be conversed with the intention of making a clearer understanding of its functions. There are different variables in the market that play part solely for the purpose of making a single sale. The customers themselves cannot be manipulated in the making of the sales, but the sales are affected by setting the right prices for the products. It makes them available to the customers whenever they need the products, advertisement or the product attributes. If these variables are well interpreted and used effectively, the result will be successful. It means that very efficient marketing mixes in a company will improve its sales margins. Scientifically, the variables are interdependent tools that can be used to solve any marketing problem. 2. Elements of Marketing Mix As I have explained in the introductory phrases of this paper, marketing mix is the terminology commonly used to depict the combination of the four inputs: the product, the price structure, the promotional activities that include advertisement, and the distribution system that a company uses to hunt the necessary level of desired amount of sales in the target market. 2.1 Product The products aspects of marketing are concerned with the specifications of the actual goods or services, and how best it relates to the end-user's wants and needs, normally referred to as the consumer or better still the customer. The scope of a product generally entails supporting elements, such as guarantees, warranties and support. The product mix entails many variables, which include the product line and range. This depends on the companies ability to produce a wide range of products for its target customers. This is what ultimately leads to product differentiation since many products will be designed to suit all the customers needs. Hence, a wide range of products will be subsequently produced. The style, design, colour, shape, quality and other physical features of a product are also paramount. This will affect the way the consumers will welcome the product in the market and affect its volume of sales. Packaging and labelling of a product are also factors to be considered when it comes to the individual goods. They have to be made in an attractive way as not to compromise the efforts made to boost the sale of that particular commodity. Another factor that is usually never overlooked is the branding attributed to a particular product. Branding affects the target market in a major way, showing how it will rela te to the product. A product with a huge and widely acknowledged brand name has a higher sales volume when compared to that with no distinct brand name. The other most important things in the promotion of the products are the production servicing and innovation. A product can be categorized in any of the following levels: The actual product, which has attributes and features exclusively to satisfy the customers needs and wants (e.g. iPhone from Apple). The core product, which satisfies customers needs while providing a benefit in addition to the primary intention for which it was created for (e.g. efficient technology). The augmented product offers supplementary services that aid to generate multiple revenues, e.g. accessories for iPhone. This is the non-physical attribute of the product, which adds certain value to the main product. A very good example of an augmented product is an extension of a warranty on a purchased iPhone. This is also a major study area for this paper and I will delve into this issue after I have efficiently exhausted on the four Ps of marketing. The product element is factored into companies marketing mix by answering certain questions that include actual customers demands from the particular product or service. What qualities will the product have to meet the consumers requirements? How and where will the product be used? What does the product look like and how will it be experienced? What should the name of the product be and how will it be branded? How will the product be differentiated from items of consumption created by competitors (Mind Tools 2011)? 2.2 Promotion Promotion is the second element of the marketing mix, and could be viewed as the most imperative as it relates to the communication process of marketing a product. What, when and where the consumer hears, knows, or gains knowledge about a product will greatly impact the buying decisions made by the target customers. There are certain aspects of promotional communication that can be put in place and integrated as required for maximum marketing results: Personal Selling. A well-trained sales representative acts as an agent of the company and develops personal customer relationships. Sales Promotion. This could include coupons, introductory offers, free accessories, or anything outside of personal selling, public relations and public selling. Public Relations. This is the predetermined, deliberate, and maintained effort of a company to institute mutual understanding with the general public and its customers. Direct Mail. This promotional aspect typically makes use of an informational database to the target customers, and the organizations take time to carefully monitor the responses and effectively act on them in order to ensure almost perfect satisfaction of the customers needs and wants. Trade Fairs and Exhibitions. Undertaking these activities provide good networking and exposure opportunities, where the company can lay out all its products and highlight on the features that will mostly attract the customers. Advertising. Product awareness is effectively achieved through purchased communication avenues, such as newspapers and televisions, as well as magazines. This is very important platform for letting the public in on the products provided by a company. Most, if not all, of the households in every state have access to either a television or radio or daily newspapers, hence these sources are clearly acknowledged as very effective advertising and marketing tools. Sponsorship. An organization pays for its name to be associated with a specific event, image or cause. Whenever a sales manager sits down to draft a promotion plan for a company, there are certain questions that he or she will have in mind before creating the final promotion plan for a certain product. Such questions include, when and where can the message be communicated to the target market? Will radio, TV, or billboard advertisements reach the target audience? Will public relations, direct mailings, or the Internet be effective in communicating to potential customers? When should the promotion campaign begin? Are there seasonal or environmental factors to consider? How will promotion choices be reacted to by competitors, if there is any at all (Mind Tools 2011)? Appropriate selection of the right time, target audience, and venue for promotions is indispensable to marketing triumph. Preferring an integrated combination of internet, TV and radio advertisements, sales promotion and direct mail, Verizon has again proven its strategic marketing intelligence by becoming the first of its competitors to promote nation-wide broadband network, successfully establishing the Verizon brand (Verizon 2011). 2.3 Price Price is the third and definitely defining element of the marketing mix. There are various ways to apply pricing strategies to make a product scintillating to the consumers; however, there are the four main pricing strategies that I will describe in depth; Premium pricing. This strategy makes use of an elevated price on the basis of the uniqueness of the product or when there is a significant competitive advantage for the seller of that particular commodity. Penetration pricing. This is the type of low-balling strategy that is often used to gain a certain niche of the whole market share. Subject to product success, the product price increases to improve profitability margins for the seller. Economy pricing. The seller keeps the manufacturing and marketing costs at a regulated minimal level and offers a no-frills low price for the product. The seller is not bent on making a large amount of profit, but just enough as to recover the inputs put in the production of the goods or services. Price skimming. When a seller has a substantial competitive advantage, the introductive price is high; however, as the product draws more competitors, pricing decreases due to increased product availability (Semenik Bamossy 1995). In estimating price of a product or service, an organizational manager develops a pricing strategy that attempts to answer crucial questions that include the value of the product or service to the customer. Have prices already been established for the product or service in the area of business? Is the set price competitive with other sellers in the same business line? Is the set price sensitive to suit the economic needs of the consumers in a particular market niche? How can the selling cost be best managed to make the product reasonably priced to customers and at the same time guarantee profitability for the company (Mind Tools 2011)? Other strategic approaches to pricing include psychological pricing, which elicits an emotional consumers response versus a rational one. Verizons can you hear me now? campaign was triumphant in tackling cell phone customers dissatisfaction with dropped calls. Product line pricing is yet another effective approach that emphasizes the benefits of a range of related products or services. Pricing is of prime importance since it gives the consumer a clear mindset on the quantifiable value of the product in question. Thus, if it is underpriced, the consumer may discard the product as being of little or absolutely no value. 2.4 Place The fourth and certainly defining element in the marketing mix is place or placement. This is the mechanism and modes put in place to move products or services from the producer to the customer. It can also be referred to as the distribution channel, or intermediary. The products can get to the customers through various channels. Nevertheless, there are six basic channel decisions that include selling directly to customers or indirectly through a distributor or wholesaler or both. The producers can also sell through single or multiple channels of distributions depending on the target market. The producer should consider the number of intermediaries that he or she is willing to work with in order to put multiple channels into effect. There are certain distribution considerations that should be made in response to the placement of a product. Such queries include where exactly are targeted consumers looking for the product or service? What type of venue would be best to avail the produc ts; in what kind of store, shop, online, or as representations in a catalogue? Is the consideration of whether a sales force is direly needed of prime importance? Should samples be distributed in order to try to direct the clients attention to the target market? Would the attendance of trade fairs and exhibitions be beneficial to the company? These are some of the very crucial questions that a marketing manager should have looming in their thoughts while coming up with an effective product placement (Armstrong Kottler 2005). With help of the augmented product model, I will use examples of two companies to illustrate the importance of the segmented product model. The core product of Lipton Peach Ice Tea is a soft drink with a benefit to quench thirst. It also has a fundamental benefit of social acceptance as there may be a national perception that those who drink Lipton Peach Ice Tea are cool and awesome. Also, the ice tea is very convenient as it is easily bought and managed. The augmented product of Lipton Peach Ice Tea provides a number of additional services. The most obvious is the Lipton website that contains nutritional details and the health benefits of the product. There is also Liptons tea and health club where club members can have a newsletter sent to their home addresses or even emails detailing information about tea and health (Kottler et al. 2007). In addition to this, there is also the E-store which organizes specific Lipton Peach Ice Teas to be home delivered for extra convenience. Lastly , there are deals at supermarkets with special discounts, such as 2 for 1 or savings on the purchase. These are some of the benefits that the Lipton Ice Tea tags along with its consumption. The other company I will closely analyze is the corporation known as American Express Platinum Credit Card, which involves many additional services. With the use of its credit cards, the customer is in a position to use travellers cheques, which makes international travels more convenient as it allows the customer to avoid the tiresome and overwhelming hassle of exchanging money in each country. Another additional service is travel insurance as there is increased financial security for the customer with regards to property safety, accommodation, etc. Lastly, the American Express Platinum Credit Card is able to be personalized with different images for gift cards. Conclusion In conclusion, it is quite clear that when developing marketing strategies, all decisions affecting the four Ps should be made subsequently since they are all interdependent. The four elements are the most important. This is because the products, places, prices, and promotions of an organization surround the most significant element: target consumers (Perreault McCarthy 2009). Apparently, every marketing manager should put all the four Ps into consideration in order to coin the best marketing mix that can be used effectively as a tool to penetrate different target market niches. This is the secret weapon behind the success of each company.

Tokyo Disneyland Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Tokyo Disneyland - Case Study Example 3. To recognize how the differences of Tokyo Disneyland to other Disneyland theme parks in terms of the themes and features of the park. 4. To examine the visitor statistics of Tokyo Disneyland. 5. To know how Tokyo Disneyland maintain the Japanese culture in the park. Statement of the Problem The study intends to investigate the success of Tokyo Disneyland in terms of culture, compared to other Disneyland theme parks. Specifically the study intends to answer the following questions: 1. How does the management of Tokyo Disneyland promote the park to the Japanese market even if there is still a touch of American culture 2. What are the differences of Tokyo Disneyland to other Disneyland theme parks in terms of the participation of staff 3. What are the differences of Tokyo Disneyland to other Disneyland theme parks in terms of the themes and features of the park 4. How does Tokyo Disneyland maintain the Japanese culture in the park Conceptual Framework / Theoretical Framework This study will apply the input-process-output (IPO) framework. Originating form the Industrial Revolution, the IPO model has been applied to various fields-from manufacturing to communications to computer programming. (Harris & Taylor, 1997) The IPO model is a design of how different input, intermediate, and output variables form causal relationships in a system. (Walliman, 2001) In the IPO model, a process is viewed as a series of boxes (processing elements) connected by inputs and outputs. Information or material objects flow through a series of tasks or activities based on a set of rules or decision points. (Walliman, 2001) Flow charts and process diagrams are often used to represent the process. (Walliman, 2001) What goes in is the input;... With continuous effort and perseverance to make the study a success as well as the support of the people who have helped in the project, the research was completed. For the future researchers that will have to undergo a series of data collection methods, it should always be keep in mind the possibility of incidents and instances that will hinder the execution of the research. Be prepared for the worst scenarios that could happen during field work whether the case concerns the participants, the location, the time and the gatekeepers. It is easy to find common elements between Disneyland and Disney films in all parts of the park. For example, it is well known that Disney made only one gate to Disneyland, against advice from amusement park experts. To Disney, the entrance gate and the beginning part of a movie are the same. From the gate, visitors head toward the shopping mall, where each store is a three-story house with a facade, similar to those of a small American city in the late nineteenth century. These facades reduced in various degrees, detach visitors from outside reality and bring them into the world of nostalgia. As a similar scenography is also used on streets that stretch from the entrance to the central plaza, the scene inside the park is put in a frame, and the street is long enough for visitors to transform themselves into inhabitants of Disney’s world. The recommendation of this study is for Tokyo Disneyland to maintain representing the rich culture of Japan in Tokyo Disneyland since this i s what their market needs.

The Political Vision of Communist Manifesto Essay

The Political Vision of Communist Manifesto - Essay Example Marx does give credit to the contemporary Industrial Revolution to bring into existence a world market, aided and bolstered by the occupation of new colonies by the imperialistic forces. This Industrial Revolution has certainly led to progress and development in a scientific, commercial and communicative context. Yet, it goes without saying that the evolution and advancement of the Industrial Revolution supported and fed by the bourgeois elements is not merely materialistic and economic in its ramifications but does also have commensurate political ramifications. The bourgeoisie has not done away with the formal exploitative forces like feudalism and patriarchy to create an ideal world but has rather done so to remove all challenge and resistance to its advancement and growth. The bourgeoisie system and notion of economic growth simply cannot survive and expand without causing upheaval and disturbance in â€Å"the instruments of production â€Å"and â€Å"the relations of producti on†. Hence, as expected, the rise of the bourgeoisie has done away with all the hitherto existing notions of â€Å"national industries† thereby annihilating all the localized notions of belonging and allegiance. Yet, the irony of the matter is that the bourgeoisie concept of growth is not merely limited to profit accrual and limited domination. In contrast, the bourgeoisie intends to perpetuate its domination by remolding the existing socio-economic and politico-cultural structures as per one’s vision and interests. Hence to extend a material and political form to such vision and ideals, it is imperative for the bourgeoisie to compress and coagulate all sources and forms of production, leading to the unchallenged concentration of property in few hands. That way it gets easier for the bourgeoisie to retain a grip over the things and to perpetuate one’s advancement and dominion in the times to come. The existing feudal relations and frameworks of property ho lding were simply not in consonance with the bourgeoisie intentions. Hence, they were systematically dismantled and set aside. In their place, the bourgeoisie put in place a seemingly just provision of free competition, while doing its best to twist the political and social norms to be in alignment with the essence of free competition. Yet, what went wrong with this change is that while molding the world to its vision, the bourgeoisie also brought into existence its own nemesis that is â€Å"the modern working class†. The bourgeoisie commoditized labor as any other factor of production. It homogenized labor by resorting to the mechanization of all modes of production. Yet the â€Å"labor† class created by the bourgeoisie is bound to emerge victorious very early, helped and aided by the existing technology and infrastructure created by the bourgeoisie. In its rift with the aristocratic classes, the bourgeoisie tends to solicit the support of labor. This not only gives r ecognition to the working class but makes it a magnet for the other marginalized and sidelined sections of the society. As the working class emerges into an essential bourgeoisie platform, it starts seeing the institutions set by the bourgeoisie like morality, law, and religion as simply the tools of extending the vested bourgeoisie interests.

Mis Used in Libraries Essay Example for Free

Mis Used in Libraries Essay Information systems are the software and hardware systems that support data-intensive applications. An information system is a collection of methods, practices, algorithms and methodologies that transforms data into information and knowledge desired by and useful for the individual and the group users in organizations and other entities. This system can involve a combination of work practices, information, people and technologies organized to accomplish goals in an organization. All businesses today utilize some form of a technological information system in their company. Using an automated system to record and process business transactions is essential to running a profitable company and responding to market fluctuations. However, information systems are best for just collecting and reporting company information; management must still review and use the information for achieving company goals. As information systems have enabled more diverse human activities, they have exerted a profound influence over society. These systems have quickened the pace of daily activities, affected the structure and mix of organizations, changed the type of products bought, and influenced the nature of work. Information and knowledge have become vital economic resources. Yet, along with opportunities, the dependence on information systems has brought new threats. Intensive industry innovation and academic research continually develop new opportunities while aiming to contain the threats. A management information system (MIS) is set of internal controls that aid company management in running a business on a daily basis. The MIS is not just a computer information system that gathers information, but an overall decision-making tool used by management. The information reported by the MIS will help management find areas that need improvement in their company. How this information is used to correct business operations relies on the style of management used in a business. Using a de-centralized management style allows for corrections to be made by the front-line manager; this allows for a great deal of autonomy in management positions. Centralized management styles rely on top-level managers to correct business operations. NEED FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN LIBRARIES. Information systems are electronic databases that manage large amounts of information, often for a business or large organization. You might not initially associate information systems with libraries, as libraries at first glance seem like buildings filled with paper books. However, many libraries use information systems to help them complete various tasks. There are a few key advantages for libraries that use information systems. Keeping Stock †¢One of the challenges for any library, especially large ones, is keeping track of all the books, CDs, DVDs, maps and other materials. Information systems can be used to put an indentifying code on each material that allows a librarian to look up where a material is, who took it out, and when. If a book is missing, the information system can help the librarians find it. Building a Collection †¢Whenever a librarian is choosing which materials to buy to add to the librarys collection, he must research what, if any, similar materials already exist. Information systems allow librarians to access easily information about what materials the library already owns on a particular subject or time period. This expedites the purchasing process. Customer Service oA library can use information systems to make it easier for customers to offer comments on how the library can change or improve. Customers can send an email or fill out an online form and an information system can collect all the comments and send them to the right person. This not only helps keep track of customer opinions, it also allows the librarian to receive a daily or weekly comments email rather than deal with multiple messages per day. Money Management oWhile books at libraries are usually free, libraries run on money. Information systems, including simple systems like spreadsheets, help libraries manage their budgets and plan their finances for the future. Large libraries with endowments rely even more on information systems to keep track of their investments and expected dividends. Traditionally, libraries have been aligned with the collecting, organizing, archiving, disseminating, and sometimes evaluation of data and information. Libraries are not about books. They are about information and knowledge. In the past libraries has been associated with books only because books were the primary manifestations of information. In todays world, information manifests itself in many more mediums. Most notable is the electronic medium. Integrated library system, or ILS, is another enterprise resource planning system for a library. One word, ‘INTERNET’ has completely changed the way Libraries operate. Today’s libraries are having a paradigm shift towards web-based e-resources. The conventional bibliographic resources are now fast supplemented by the e-resources. It is huge task for librarians to maintain a supply chain that moves shoulder to shoulder with a global information generation rate that doubles at every 20 months. Management Information Systems (MIS) have emerged as a solution to this capacity expansion requirement of Academic Libraries. According to McClure (1990), Management information systems are tools designed to improve management decisions. †¢Integrated Library System Modules module = a portion of a program that carries out a specific function Acquisitions: select, order, budget, receive, pay for materials; claim or cancel orders that were not received. Cataloging: create records which describe and classify materials Serials: describe and check-in serials (periodicals, magazines, journals) †¢5. Integrated Library System Modules (pg. 2) 4. Circulation: record the check-in and check-out of materials to patrons 5. Interlibrary Loans: lend and borrow materials from other libraries 6. OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog): display materials to patrons The Main Functions of a Library Knowledge is for all, but to be indeed for all, it should be accessible for all those who seek it regardless of their mother tongue. Consequently, libraries as the organizers and heralds of this knowledge, adding value to it by cataloguing and classifying, should, in turn, be Universal; i. e. provide equality of access for all. Today, Information Technology has converted the world into a global village and libraries, as part of this age, should make use of these technological advancements in achieving the Universality goal and quenching the generations thirst for knowledge. This means that traditional libraries should change into well-equipped interconnected digital libraries Libraries should be so organized and the staff so trained that they become relevant to user communities (including special groups) in every respect. Primary Functions of Integrated Library Systems 1)Ordering and receiving materials. 2)Recording financial information 3)Storing information about the library’s collection of materials 4)Recording the borrowing of materials . The objective of an MIS based Library is to be an effective library through: (1) Providing convenience and justice to its readers. (2) Attract non-readers to become readers. FEASIBILITY STUDY Key Features 1Tracks number of books and subscribers in a library 2Add manage books categories 3Manage and edit books 4Search books by name 5Add book details with category, price and purchase date 6Maintains book issue date, return date and overdue days. 7Maintains employee details who borrows the books Benefits 1User friendly interface 2Subscribers can easily check availability of books, CD’s, DVD’s in a library 3Reporting of overdue books 4Cost effective 5Efficiency in speed and operation 6Elimination of duplication of Books, CD’s and DVD’s 7Security of Library 8Better inventory preservation because of less handling by staff 9Time saving 10Easily locate books, CD’s and DVD’s on racks SOFTWARES USED IN LIBRARIES VOYAGER: Voyager is broken down into different modules that are focused on helping with certain tasks commonly done in a library. The modules are the main way that library workers interact with the system. They are implemented as custom Microsoft Windows programs that talk to a centralized server and database. The modules are as follows: 1. Circulation The primary use of this module is charge and discharge items to library patrons. It allows for the creation and maintenance of patron records, fine processing and request processing of library items. 2. Media Scheduling (optional) lets people reserve videos and media equipment ahead of time as well as equipment maintenance. The types of items allowed to be reserved are only limited by what library staff have added to it. 3. Web Voyage This is the web based interface for use by patrons to search, renew items, and request items from the libraries collection. 4. Access Reports Not officially a module, Voyager does allows for an ODBC connection to its main database. This allows library staff to create custom Statistic and usage reports. 5. Reporter One of the purposes of this module is to generate email and print notifications to patrons informing them of, recalls, overdue items, courtesy notices and fines. Reporter also generates exception reports, which are violations of system policy, Transaction reports, and some statistics, which are used by library staff. 6. Cataloging This is the main module used by Library Technical Services department. It is used to create and edit records for all the items in a libraries collection. 7. Acquisitions Lets staff track orders and assign money to funds and ledgers. 8. Call Slip (optional) Allows patrons to request items to be transferred between different units in a library system. 9. Self Check provides and interface for Self Check stations. 10. Voyager Inter-library Loan (ILL)- (Optional) Allows library patrons to request items from other institutions. 11. System Admin Used to add system users, set up circulation locations, and policies as well as setting up location calendars. Alexandria: Alexandria efficiently manages modern libraries, freeing up administrators, technology coordinators, and librarians for more important tasks. Library Automation Software Benefits to IT Managers You are tasked to do more with less, and you need library automation software that can answer the call. Alexandria will enable you to: †¢Relieve the support load of your staff. In addition to ease-of-use and stability, Alexandrias unmatched technical support team is available any time you need them via phone 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year, providing end-user support directly to your users, and IT support to you when necessary. †¢Minimize the resource drain of multiple servers at multiple sites. Alexandria gives you the ability to update/upgrade and backup your entire district from one primary location. †¢Eliminate upgrade and backup hassles. Alexandrias update, upgrades, and critical data backups are all done automatically within the software. Library Automation Software Benefits to Administrators Alexandria library automation software allows you to efficiently manage your varied library education and management responsibilities with the following unique capabilities: †¢Improve reading scores. Alexandrias built in Lexile capabilities actually improve reading scores †¢Universal access from home. With Alexandria, there is secure access to your library—24 hours a day. †¢Relieve the resource drain of extra support staff just to manage your library automation software. Alexandrias automatic updates, 24/7/365 technical support, and renowned ease-of-use allow you to re-deploy valuable resources to more important areas. †¢Alexandria is the only library system that provides a live 24/7 help line for any librarian or tech person in your facility who needs assistance. e-Granthalaya e-Granthalaya is a library automation software from National, Department of Electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India. The software has been designed by a team of experts from software as well as Library and Information Science discipline. Using this software the libraries can automate in-house activities as well as user services. The software can be implemented either in stand-alone or in client-server mode where database and WebOPAC are installed on the server PC while the data entry program is installed on client PCs. The software provides LAN/Web based data entry solutions for a cluster of libraries where a centralized/Common database can be created with Union Catalog output. The software provides Web OPAC interface to publish the library catalog over Internet/Intranet. The software runs on Windows paltform Only, UNICODE Compliant, thus, supports data entry in local language.. Distribution Policy The software is provided at zero cost libraries. The support, training, Data Entry, Maintenance, Migration, etc are provided on Payment basis by the NIC/NICSI Empanelment Agency. System Requirements Hardware: the computer itself, (CPU), and all of its support equipments. Among the support equipments are input and output devices, storage devices and communications devices Connectivity: LAN/Internet Connectivity. BarCode Printer (Any Model/Make) with Barcode Reader Software Components 1. Database (MS SQL Server 2005/2008) on Server PC (Windows 2003/2008) 2. Web OPAC on Server PC 3. Data entry program on client PCs For the details and information with regards to our project , the following libraries have been visited THE AMERICAN LIBRARY The American Library, Mumbai is one of the divisions of the American Center, which carries out a variety of activities aimed at promoting a better understanding of the policies, values, institutions, and culture of the United States. The American Library, Mumbai provides you with a wide range of current, accurate and authoritative information from a vast selection of print and electronic resources using state-of-the-art technology. The American Library collection focuses primarily on U. S. foreign policy, business and economics, management, law and legislation, human rights, environment, and life and culture in the U. S. It maintains a collection of approximately 13,000 volumes of books, government publications, and think tank reports. It has 89 U. S. magazines and 3 newspapers titles in hardcopy. They provide timely, reliable and comparative information on a variety of topics ranging from American politics, culture, history, economy as well as international relations and global issues. With books, journals, English language learning materials along with DVDs, newspapers, U. S. government publications, there is something for everyone. Even the young reader will find more than 1,000 titles of fiction and non-fiction at the American Library. This library uses Voyager as its software . It is a centralized network . oVoyager automates many of the processes necessary for libraries to function smoothly, such as circulation. o Voyager is capable of managing a variety of formats, such as print and online resources. oIt addresses recent concerns for patron information privacy and privacy related to circulation history oGives more options on user/patron service (e. g. alerts for pending transactions for a patron) oImproved search tools for staff and patrons, including enhancements for subject headings searching (controlled vocab), where patron doesn’t have to know starting words or word order of headings to look them up oAcquisitions: select, order, budget, receive, pay for materials; claim or cancel orders that were not received. oCataloguing: create records which describe and classify materials oSerials: describe and check-in serials (periodicals, magazines, journals) MMRDA LIBRARY Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority commonly abbreviated as MMRDA, is a body of the Government of Maharashtra that is responsible for the infrastructure development of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. MMRDA was set up on the 26th January, 1975 under the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority Act, 1974 Government of Maharashtra as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Region. The MMRDA comprises 17 members and is chaired by the Minister for Urban Development in Maharashtra Prithviraj Chavan (who is also the current Chief Minister of Maharashtra). It is also the richest state owned organisations in india. on the similar lines to this, recently government of maharashtra has announced to establish pmrda and nmrda for pune and nasik respectively. Mmrda uses e granthalaya. It consists of an isolated network design  omulti-lingual version supports data entry in all the 10 Indian Scripts/languages oHigh security for library data and members’ accounts oFine calculation for late receipt or lost or damage of items oEasy way to take Database Backup and Restore the database oTimely reminders will be given for the periodical subscription of items oImproved circulation and tracking oEasy access to all information BIBLIGRAPHY The American Library MMRDA library http://egranthalaya. nic. in/ http://www. exlibrisgroup. com/category/Voyager.

Creating a Market for Electric Cars Essay example -- Electric Cars Ess

When Ford Motor Company was founded in 1903, it would go on to start a revolution for the American auto industry. Ford pioneered the assembly line and increased auto production substantially. Today, Ford is one of the most successful auto makers in the world. According to the company, a key factor of success is the focus on building relationships and placing the consumer first. Understanding the consumer and how they view business helps Ford to continue improvement ("Marketing strategy", 2010). Ford is a first-rate example of good marketing techniques. They know how to sell a vehicle to a consumer, as displayed by their position in the top eight of U. S. auto makers. New technology paves the way for new ideas, and new ideas do best when they use existing models. That is why the relatively new concept of battery operated cars should look to already successful auto makers for example. Battery powered cars are becoming more and more marketable with more research and a developing consumer base. Although there is plenty of development to ensue, this paper can help marketing managers figure out the best way to utilize the power of new technology and, in time, have a consumer base that desires battery powered cars for various reasons. This paper will show an array of issues that support an argument for the marketability of cars that operate on battery power. Battery powered cars are more complex than they sound. One might think that the mechanics behind battery power merely consist of charging the battery before a road trip. There is actually an entire process that transforms energy into power. Whereas a gasoline powered vehicle uses an internal combustion engine to convert gasoline into energy, battery powered vehicles generate... .../2013/01/03/why-2013-will-be-another-huge-year-for-car-sales/ Electronic Design, 59(8), 18. U.S. Census Bureau (2008). A Gas Station for Every 2,500 People - County Business Patterns - Newsroom. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/county_business_patterns/c b08-96.html U.S. Department of Energy (2014a). Alternative fuels data center: Electric vehicle charging station locations. Retrieved from http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_locations.html U.S. Department of Energy (2014b). Alternative fuels data center: Emissions from hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles. Retrieved from http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_emissions.php U.S. Department of Energy (n.d.). EnerDel/Argonne advanced high-power battery for hybrid electric vehicles. Retrieved from ://www.transportation.anl.gov/batteries/enerdel.html