Protestant Reformation And The Catholic Church Essay

Chloe Cooper Mrs. Trahan English 10, 1st period 10 November 2016 Catholic vs Protestant Throughout history, the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Church have developed similarities and differences among their religions. Because they are both a major part of history they’re both equally important. The most important thing is knowing facts about our history and major events that occurred. Catholicism and Protestantism are both two very different religions that have different opinions. While Catholics use statues and paintings as a sign of inspiration Protestants did not permit them. Another key difference was Catholics believed that the Pope should have the authority while Protestants did not. While Catholic believed that Sunday was the only day of worship and was a personal sacrifice during lent Protestants thought it too should be Sunday but believed in other days if treated with the same amount of worship. While in church Catholics believed that if they confess their sins it goes straight to God through the priest while Protestants b elieved it went to God through Jesus. Catholics also consider Mary an intercessor of God and that you could pray to her. Protestants believed that besides being the mother of Jesus she was just another simple human (Catholics vs Protestants.) The magisterium was also a major part to the Catholics but not the Protestants. To the Catholics it provided a trusted voice and allowed church officials to make announcements on issues. Also aShow MoreRelatedThe Protestant Reformation And The Catholic Church996 Words   |  4 Pages the Catholic Church built upon the bureaucratic organization of the Roman Empire, became powerful, but also very corrupt. Calls for reformation within the Church started as early as the twelfth century. To try to resolve doctrinal issues and reform the church, nine councils were called between 1215 and 1545. However, all nine councils failed to reach any noteworthy protocol and agreement regarding the Church. The clergy was unable to follow the Church’s rules and the abuses of the Catholic ChurchRead MoreCatholic Church During The Protestant Reformation1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe three areas of concern that Catholics had about the Catholic Church before the Protestant Reformation were The Plag ue, Abuse of the Indulgences and The Great Schism. The Plague also known as the Black Death was a disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis that circulated among wild rodents. The disease took place in the fourteenth century. Symptoms include aching of limbs, high fever, vomiting of blood, and swelling of the lymph nodes. After the lymph nodes swelled they would then burstRead MoreThe Roman Catholic Church And The Protestant Reformation1496 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent denominations of Christianity in the world today including the Anglican Church, Orthodox Church, Catholicism, and Episcopal for example. Nonetheless, in the early 1500s, Catholicism was the predominant denomination. An argument that often comes up against the validity of Christianity is the actions of the Catholic church in the era prior to the Protestant Reformation. To quote Jesus Christ, â€Å"†¦build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.† (Matthew 16:18). Many willRead MoreThe Divide between the Catholic Church and the Protestant Reformation832 Words   |  3 PagesThe Counter-Reformation was the response of the Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation set in motion by Martin Luther. It was a period of revival for Catholicism stemming from the Council of Trent. The Council was established to address the numerous issues disputed by Protestantism, defining and reforming Church teachings, doctrine, and structure. Catholicism and Protestantism were also divided regarding the visual arts. The Protestant Reformation promoted iconoclasm, calling for the removalRead MoreProtestants Were The Victims Of The Catholic Church s Persecution During The Reformation1584 Words   |  7 PagesProtestants were the victims of the Catholic Church’s persecution during the Reformation. Even while Protestants were fighting their own persecution, some Protestants were persecuting others who wanted the same freedom to practice their own religions. The Anaba ptists were one group who suffered the persecution of both the Catholic Church and fellow Protestants. Pacifism, as well as martyrdom were two elements of Anabaptism that appealed to females because these elements fostered opportunitiesRead MoreThe Reformation And The Reformation1421 Words   |  6 Pagesto the selling of indulgences and the flawed teachings of the Catholic Church many people were dissatisfied about their faith during the Renaissance. This led to a period called the Reformation, which began in 1517. The Reformation was led by radical critics Martin Luther and John Calvin, who questioned the teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church, due to their selling of indulgences and stray from the Bible. The Reformation started in central Europe and spread to encompass most of theRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe Protestant Reformation Why the Protestant Reformation is considered a significant development in the Christian Church. The Protestant Reformation was an event which occurred within the Catholic Church during the 16th century. This Reformation was prompted by Martin Luther’s ‘95 theses’ which were a list of 95 criticisms towards the church. The Reformation formed another branch of Christianity called Protestantism which is comprised of many different Christian denominations including AnglicanRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation took place in the 16th century and was a major European movement whose goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. This movement led to people worshipping God as they wanted and no longer relying on the Catholic Church for guidance with religious matters. Even though people were doing what they believed, the Protestant Reformation brought many conflicts. Religious disagreements caused bloody conflicts all over Europe. The principal figureRead MoreThe Catholi c Reformation And The Jewish Torah1229 Words   |  5 Pagesfocus on in this essay is the Catholic Reformation. However, whether this reformation can be simply called the Catholic Reformation is a question that needs to be adressed. The Catholic Reformation, also known as the Counter Reformation, was the period of Catholic revival that began with the Council of Trent and ended at the close of the Thirty Years War. The Counter Reformation was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. I believe that the Catholic Reformation would be better describedRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Protestant Reformation. This paper will discuss Lutheran Reformation, The Anabaptist, and The English Puritans as well as the Catholic Reformation also known as the Counter Reformation. It is the hope that after the reader has had the opportunity to view each of the characteristics and the expressions of each of the reformation the reader will have a bet ter understanding of each and will be able to articulate the differences of each. The Protestant Reformation called the Protestant Revolt

Would Anyone Engage In Smoking Cigarettes If Each Cigarette

Would anyone engage in smoking cigarettes if each cigarette had an effect written on the side, such as lethal, or fatal? Advertisements pop up on the TV commercials, in newspapers, and magazines that illustrate the reality of what happens when engaging in smoking tobacco, but yet people still smoke cigarettes. Some of these advertisements campaigning against big tobacco companies use pretty graphic and shocking images to convince the population that tobacco is just awful for the body. Health organizations use real people that have had their lives destroyed by smoking, and show us the real effects associated with tobacco, yet people still chose to smoke. Observing this advertisement, the illustrator tries convincing viewers whom have never†¦show more content†¦People who don’t smoke will look at this ad and realize the bullet they missed by not smoking cigarettes. The effects written on this anti smoking advertisement are ammo for a nonsmoker to use to try and convince a smoker that it is not worth the risk. A person can use what they see in this ad to push whomever they know to kick smoking to the side, and prevent major health issues. The first element of persuasion we will explore in this ad is Pathos. Looking at the laundry list of harmful effects in plain white blunt text, words like cancer, fatal, and disease really come out and smack the audience with a shocking reality. These words put a depth to how dangerous smoking is. The majority of the advertisement is black with white text, nothing fancy, just straight to the point. A blunt informative way of addressing where this ad stands on smoking. The smoker in this ad is loading a black revolver with cigarettes. A weapon is a powerful way of causing death and harm, as are cigarettes. A loaded gun is dangerous, the smoker is pulling the trigger on his own life with every drag they take from that cigarette. The reader feels fear for the smoker and sees the danger that is associated with smoking . A person can really feel pity for the smoker, there s information all over this advertisement about how harmful smoking is yet a smoker lights up regardless of the warnings. The viewer feels pity for the smoker, one day that revolver will go off, andShow MoreRelatedWith The Increase In Access To Scientific Research And1288 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch and media, people today are faced with a dual standard on the issue of smoking tobacco. It is stigmatized to be irresponsible and detrimental to health, yet the â€Å"cool† characters on movies and televisions are shown smoking cigarettes. In some cases, smoking is also seen as a path to adulthood. But due to smoking’s overwhelming detrimental effects on the smoker and the people around him or her, the â€Å"coolness† of smoking should be reconsidered as a moral failing instead. Although the idea of sinsRead MoreThe Ripple Effect of Smoking1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ripple Effect of Smoking It has become common knowledge that smoking is bad for people’s health, nonetheless people continue to smoke. To be honest, that is fine. If people want to endanger themselves by smoking then I wish them a swift and peaceful end (though most smokers die a slow and agonizing death). What is not acceptable is the effect that smoke has on non-smokers who have almost no way of getting away from smoke unless they want to stay in their house. Smokers affect everyoneRead MoreThis essay explores the mutually beneficial commercial collaborations between the tobacco companies1700 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the late 1920s through the 1940s. Smoking in movies is associated with adolescent and young adult smoking initiation. Public health efforts to eliminate smoking from films accessible to youth have been countered by defenders of the status quo, who associate tobacco imagery in â€Å"classic† movies with artistry and nostalgia. Both the entertainment and tobacco industries recognised the high value of promotion of tobacco through entertainment media. Each company hired aggressive product placementRead MoreEssay on The Use of Tobacco by Teens2223 Words   |  9 PagesTeenage smoking can be a result of the influence of other teens, or maybe the amount of peer pressure. This can cause a teen to want to smoke or even think about smoking (Alcid, Arthur, page 1). Statistics show that 794 student and 22.4 percent of teens claimed to be tobacco users. (Alcid, Arthur, page 1). Teens tend to be more abrasive when smoking, and seem to act different while smoking and once they have gotten into the habit of smoking make it a constant thing. In 2003, 21.9 percent of highRead MoreMad Men : The Center Of American Advertising Industry1363 Words   |  6 Pagesshows that you often hear about but never really paid attention to watch. Many people have told me that it is a show simply about the 1960s and that just turned me away. It was until I came to college, decided I wanted to be a communications major who would later work in an advertising age ncy out of college that it sparked my interest. Mad Men is a critically acclaimed AMC show based centered around the fictional Sterling-Cooper Agency on Madison Avenue in New York City; which is said to be the centerRead MoreThe British American Tobacco Company: Business Ethics2879 Words   |  12 PagesCompany: Business Ethics The British American Tobacco company is a multinational company with over 200 brands that they have developed under the guidance; the company is staggeringly successful, selling 694 billion cigarettes in 2012 (bat.com). The worldwide company sees itself, and many would argue, rightfully so, as a powerful forces that has stimulated economies all over the globe in lasting and measurable ways: in 2012, the companys subsidiaries enabled governments worldwide to gather more thanRead MoreFamily And Community Resource Project : Super Aweosme Title1592 Words   |  7 Pagesmoving in full time with her grandmother at the age of twelve. As shown in the Genogram, AA’s mother has an undiagnosed mental illness; this is speculation on AA’s part because she always assumed that her mother was suffering from something, which would have lead to the harsh treatment of her daughter. Citation about mental illness running in families. WHAT IS DEPRESSION Depression is a spectrum disorder, symptoms can range from sleep disturbances, weight loss/gain, feelings of hopelessness, fatigueRead MoreCausing Harm With Trade Embargos And Sanctions1678 Words   |  7 PagesCuba. United Nations sanctions that target countries affect the economy, the morale, and encourages criminal activities to obtain goods. The majority of good hearted citizens would be appalled if they were walking down a street and saw a dog tied up in a yard looking like it hadn t eaten for a week. These citizens would take a minute retrieve their phone and call the Humane Society to report this cruel treatment of this poor dog. As doctor C. M. Tiplada, D. B. Walsh, and C. J. C. Phillips wroteRead MoreThe Smoking Of Public Areas Should Be Absolutely Forbidden2044 Words   |  9 Pagesproject on how smoking in public areas should be absolutely forbidden. In today’s modern society in America you are free to participate in activities such as drinking and smoking and that’s very significant to have such a freedom. But the issues that most Americans have including myself is that you should not be allowed to partake in these activities around other people without their consent. Over forty two million people in the United States engage in daily smoking with cigarettes. In 2013 thereRead MoreDoes The Form Ask All To Determine What The Clients Presenting Problem : Problem Analysis862 Words   |  4 Pagesformatting designs in this form have a similar impact, making the form longer than needed. The form could also be shortened by having screening questions for various areas that lead to further questioning when the answer is a positive response. This would shorten the form and make it more efficient as an intake tool. Are the questions reading level appropriate for the target populations the agency serves? This organization targets individuals in Maryland’s Middle Eastern Shore. The population in this

Nursing as a career Free Essays

Nursing as a profession has fascinated me as a child.   I derive a lot of inner satisfaction in helping people, especially the sick, the needy and elderly people.   I do feel happy once I am able to observe the reaction and the gratefulness they suggest to me in their own humble way, once they have received help. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing as a career or any similar topic only for you Order Now    I consider this to be the most beautiful thing about the nursing profession.   I feel that nursing is a combination of science and technology, and the art of caring. I was able to witness the distinctiveness of nursing frequently, when a family member or a friend was admitted in a nursing care facility.   I felt that the nurses who provided care did a great job.   They were able to give all the love and affection to their patients, which really helped quicken recovery.   Frequently, patients who received care admired their nurses for developing a positive attitude and relationship during their stay in the hospital.   This according to me is the greatest reward that nurses get for their work. Nurses develop a bonding with their patients within a very short period, through interactions and common emotions shared following medical problems.   This relationship usually ends on a positive note, with recovery and discharge of the patient.   The patients have long-lasting memories of their nurses who helped them during traumatic periods. Nursing is one of the noblest professions, and I am very excited that I am going to be a part of it.   Besides specialized training, knowledge and skill required for nursing, I feel that the most important thing is to develop compassion, kindness, patience, conscience and understanding while providing professional care.   These issues according to me remain the most important characteristics of nursing, and all other things come second. My goals in life include helping humanity to the best of my knowledge, skill and competence, particularly in my field of specialization that is nursing.   Once I am able to complete my undergraduate course, I would like pursue masters, and even do research work, along with nursing practice in a community hospital.   A degree in nursing would be a stepping stone at fulfilling my goals in life.   Through masters and higher education, I would be in a better position to provide care and assistance to my patients. References: Maryland Health Careers (2007). Nursing Careers. Retrieved 3 February, 2007, from Maryland Health Careers Web site: http://www.marylandhealthcareers.org/html/student/nursing.html          How to cite Nursing as a career, Essay examples

Gentrification, the Issue of Today Life free essay sample

Ever since the 1960s, there has been an influx of high-income populations moving into urban areas from the suburbs. This phenomenon was coined ‘gentrification’ by sociologist Ruth Glass in 1964 to describe â€Å"the movement of upscale (mostly white) setters into rundown (mostly minority) neighborhoods† (Hampson). Proposition 555 has stated that in order to increase government funding and provide citizens a better life with a cleaner environment and safer community, the process of gentrification would require the destruction of some old and unsafe houses. Since then, this policy has received mixed reception from all walks of life. Protagonists, on one side, consider gentrification as the solution to current hard urban issues. Antagonists, on the other side, believe that it causes severe poor-displacement. Debates seem to be endless, yet the whole society is changing due to the great impact of gentrification: luxury condos replacing once deteriorating houses, streets becoming cleaner, and crime rates declining significantly, thus, consolidating my strong support for Proposition 555. To begin with, the first and foremost upside of gentrification is economic improvements in the neighborhood because it boosts up the use of urban land and attracts more business investments. Brooklyn and the Bronx, two of the five boroughs of New York City, are two typical examples. Urban renewal in Brooklyn, also known as ‘brownstoning’, has encouraged a huge wave of investment: $300 million from the city and $3. 5 billion from private investors (Browdie). While the former has been invested in Brooklyn Bridge Park’s construction, the latter has yielded â€Å"7. 8 million square feet of new residential, retail and commercial space, including 26 apartment complexes, four hotels, and a glassy shopping complex† (Browdie). In regards to the Bronx, the gentrifying process has brought to the region a new appearance. The notorious neighborhood, which used to be considered off limits to investors due to commercial waste, crimes, and violence, has become â€Å"a diamond in the rough, being discovered† (Magistro). Today, the Bronx has numerous remarkable attractions like the Bronx Zoo—one of the world’s largest metropolitan zoos, the New York Botanical Garden, Wave Hill, excellent subway service, retail strip malls, and affluent bedroom communities (Magistro). In South Bronx, Majora Carter, a famous urban revitalization strategist says that the removal of Sheridan Expressway and construction of Lafayette Avenue has made this area appeal to stakeholders for parkland, affordable housing and local economic development (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto). Once urban land is in use, it signals huge economic improvements, especially in the tourism industry, job developments, and real estate. Recent studies conducted by Rutgers University have found that in New Jersey, historic preservation, part of the state gentrification policies, has significantly profited the state’s tourism. Besides 2,316 jobs created annually in this industry, New Jersey has earned $15 million in state and local taxes, $16 million in GDP, and $432 million for the economy (Listokin and Lahr). Moreover, in restructured neighborhoods, new projects associated with job training have emerged to meet the investors’ demands. For example, the South Bronx community is running the Bronx Ecological Stewardship Training project to â€Å"seed the area with green collar jobs† in the fields of ecological restorations so that its people will be qualified for these well-paying jobs (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto). As a result of being employed, a person gains a greater opportunity of sustainable income and will tend to purchase a house to settle into family life. In other words, gentrification is an impetus to the local economy because it stimulates the use of urban lands, opens more job opportunities, and encourages real estate. Along with economic improvements, a great number of social achievements have been accomplished due to gentrification, especially in community-safety increase. Prior to redevelopment, low-income areas had to cope with a lot of crimes and violence such as gang shootings, drugs dealings and prostitution. However, gentrification has improved the people’s safety significantly. For example, according to Betty Baye, a columnist of The Courier-Journal in Louisville, Kentucky, New York was once appalled by a Dominican group of gangsters named Jheri Curls: They traded tons of cocaine and shot anyone complaining about their illegal business. She calls gentrification as â€Å"a new gang in town,† ousting the Jheri Curl from their old stomping grounds. The openings of â€Å"amenities as river views, parks, large rooms and convenience to public transportation [†¦have replaced grand old buildings that long were the domain of poor folks on rent control, buildings that are being reborn as luxury co-ops and condos,† Baye explains. Sharing her views, researchers from the Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, add that the building of new amenities prevents up to 45 percent of homicides and another 60 percent of robberies (Papachristos, Smith, Scherer, and Fugiero 225). Accordingly, gentrifying the neighborhoods helps lessen crimes, providing their residents with a safer community. In addition to economic and social achievements, gentrification also brings environmental justice to the redeveloped neighborhoods. Prior to renewal, people living around these areas encountered many health problems because of pollution and contamination issues that accumulated for many years. South Bronx, for example, used to be a location for the city’s commercial waste in sewage treatment and the food industry’s byproducts. Carter says a black person has a greater chance of being forced to live in an air-polluted area or within a walking distance of chemical facility in comparison with a white person (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto). As a result, diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and asthma have plagued the community for many years and damaged the future generation (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto). In other words, in non-gentrified neighborhoods, along with economic and social degradation, environmental injustice also drives these communities into even worse situations. However, once gentrification policies are implemented, the people’s health can greatly improve: air gets cleaner, water turns fresher and the environment becomes healthier and greener. In South Bronx, its inhabitants witnessed the inauguration of Hunts Point Riverside Park, the first waterfront park that the community had had in more than 60 years (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto). Therefore, it is understandable that gentrification provides a boost to environmental quality. Advocates of anti-gentrification usually argue that urban renewal is a one-sided benefit—profiting the white while harming the poor. Nonetheless, studies conducted by Lance Freeman, an assistant professor of urban planning at Columbia University, suggest that there is merely a slight connection between urban renewal and displacement (Hampson). He says that in gentrified neighborhoods, the chance of a poor being dislocated is only 0. 5% greater in comparison with a non-gentrified one (Hampson). Freeman believes that â€Å"although higher costs sometimes force poor residents to leave gentrif[ied] neighborhoods, other changes—more jobs, safer streets, better trash pickup—encourage them to stay† (Hampson). Besides coming to the same conclusion, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh and Duke University, also show that black householders with high school degrees account for 33% f the total neighborhood income, 13% greater than that of white householders (Kiviat). In conclusion, as urban planner Duany says, gentrification has proved to be â€Å"the rising tide that lifts all boats† because it provides an effective solution to the economy, social issues, as well as environmental justice that benefit all social classes. However, there are always two sides of a coin, and the story of gentrification is not an exception. The biggest issue of gentrification, as many antagonists believe, is the poor displacement. It is obvious that as a city is redeveloped and attracts more investors, housing prices will soar, making it difficult for old residents to manage to get by. Research conducted by Newman and Wyly of the Centre for Urban and Community Studies shows that residents of a gentrified city, especially seniors, find it hard to live when housing prices increase while their incomes stay (4). In the long run, this produces â€Å"exclusionary displacement,† â€Å"a process in which neighborhoods become off-limits, forcing lower-income residents to look elsewhere for housing† (1, 2). Adding to the housing burdens, other negative elements such as landlord harassment, evictions, and daily expenses drive former inhabitants out of their neighborhoods. So what is the solution to the problem? To answer this question, it is worthwhile to first acknowledge that gentrification is a natural process, meaning there is no way to stand against it, especially on the poor side. Sadly speaking, gentrification remains a dirty word to some people as it sounds—its origin dates back from the word â€Å"gentry,† meaning a â€Å"noble person. Baye explains that gentrification â€Å"may seem to some as nothing but the inevitable circle of life† because many of the upper settlers (mostly white) claim that those gentrified neighborhoods are their â€Å"rightful inheritance,† left for the colored by their predecessors as they fled to the suburbs. Looking negatively at urban renewal, it benefits the white folks; they have money, and thus, have the rights to dema nd higher services. Looking positively at urban renewal, these folks are doing good things after all, â€Å"for there is nothing more unhealthy for a city than a monoculture of poverty† (Duany). This leaves the only question: Can we gentrify the right way? Fortunately, there are numerous solutions that have been proposed by strategists, urban planners and experts in the field. To solve housing problem, New York has built a shelter system to support displaced residents (Newman and Wyly). Moreover, Duany insists that in order to avoid overpricing, urban renewal needs to be built as a long-term policy, tested and modified many times to fit the particular neighborhood so that it doesn’t negatively affect the community. Carter has come up with a model called the triple bottom line that seems to be a solution for the long run. She explains that her model can produce sustainable development because it â€Å"has the potential to create positive returns from all concerned: developers, government and the community where [the] projects go up† (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto). In addition, I propose the use of government power on taxing: The local government can weigh the impact of gentrification through data, statistics and surveys so that it can modify the tax base imposed on every household. No matter what solutions are proposed, there seems to be a general consensus among experts about the role of government: It can act as a peace broker to reconcile any hostility provoked by the misunderstanding between the rich and the poor. In summary, Proposition 555, whose process is to rebuild the old, unsafe towns and cities, is a good process for neighborhood residents who want to have better lives. Although gentrification sometime causes the poor to be displaced due to housing burdens and expenses, its benefits assist in solving urban issues. It provides a stimulus to the economy through the use of urban lands for business purposes, a safer society by clearing gang violence and a healthier environment by building public parks. To overcome its downsides, a number of useful and practical ideas have been brought about by many experts, ranging from shelter systems and tax modification to government regulation. The fight in favor of urban renewal, as Carter says, is the fight that â€Å"we have nothing to lose and everything to gain† (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto).

Strength and Weakness of Thoreau’s Argument Essay Example

Strength and Weakness of Thoreau’s Argument Essay In the essay â€Å"Slavery in Massachusetts† Thoreau explains weaknesses of slavery and underlines importance of antislavery legislations and equal rights. The style of Thoreau is marked by unique vision of reality and slavery, causes of the problem and possible solutions. It is possible to say that his class location and background had a great impact on his views and ideas expressed in this essay. The main argument is that compromise between the states is impossible because the North, including Massachusetts, was guilty in sufferings and hardship of black people supporting unjust laws and false social norms. The strength of Thoreau’s argument is that the North did nothing to abolish the slavery. He writes: â€Å"Every moment that she hesitated to set this man free, every moment that she now hesitates to atone for her crime, she is convicted† (Thoreau). Thoreau claims that a policy of silence can be seen as a crime which supports slavery and oppression. As the most important, Thoreau recognizes the role of the North in economic development of the nation and its impact on slavery. The other strength is recognition of unjust laws. He explains that segregation laws are unjust, and for this reason they should eliminated and abolished. These arguments are crucial for the essay because they explain principles and social rules of a free society. The author hints that it is hardly appropriate for a body of law ostensibly operating throughout the realm that it should be applied in different ways according to the vagaries of local custom or the personal preferences of judges. Also, he underlines that as principles of law became part of the common learning of the legal profession, their misapplication became so insupportable that procedures had to be devised to secure compliance and to resolve doubts. We will write a custom essay sample on Strength and Weakness of Thoreau’s Argument specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strength and Weakness of Thoreau’s Argument specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strength and Weakness of Thoreau’s Argument specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The main weakness of the argument is that the North could not solve all the problems faced by African-Americans. The Southern states were also responsible for slavery exploiting millions of slaves in agriculture and mines. New factories needed more raw materials for production, and South planters were interested in bigger sown areas requiring more slaves. It was a well known fact that industry is influenced greatly by the agriculture, and the South. Another weakness is that Thoreau does not recognize role and importance of legislation and its impact on the institution of slavery: â€Å"the law will never make men free; it is men who have got to make the law free† (Thoreau). In reality, laws and legislation can make men free stipulating legal norms and social relations. He does not take into account that the Constitution grants the right to the populace, and no doubt that in society the main role is featured to democracy and liberty. Law of that kind is, in the first place, mor e akin to custom, in the sense that the rules provide guidance but may be diverged from with impunity in particular cases. Another weakness is that Thoreau diminishes the role of government and impact of ideology on society. He states: â€Å"A government which deliberately enacts injustice, and persists in it, will at length even become the laughing-stock of the world† (Thoreau). For the majority of whites, slavery was not seen as injustice and discrimination. In sum, the article illustrates slavery through the lens of social, legal and moral judgments. The main strengths of the arguments are that the North did nothing to abolish the slavery, the policy of silence worsened this problem, identification of unjust laws. The main weaknesses are that the North alone could not solve this problem, inadequate analysis of the role of the government and law marking. Works Cited Thoreau, H.D. n.d. Slavery in Massachusetts. 04 June 2007 http://www.4literature.net/Henry_David_Thoreau/Slavery_in_Massachusetts/

The Concept of Learning and Change

The Concept of Learning and Change Free Online Research Papers Learning is a vital tool for implementing change; as a point of interest, learning is the very element that creates the change in most all living beings. Effective learning is how people grow, develop, or change mentally. According to the text, Learning and Memory: Basic Principles, Processes, and Procedures (4th ed.), (Terry, 2009), learning is the acquisition of knowledge or encoding of knowledge or behavior. The text also defines learning as relatively permanent changes in behavior, or behavioral repertoire, which occurs as a result of experiences (Terry, 2009). Learning includes a number of styles such as visual, which is learning from seeing, auditory, which is learning from listening, and kinesthetic or tactile, which is learning by touching, doing, or moving. According to Terry, (2009) as a person learns he, or she will become more competent, more confident, or more committed as a result of his, or her learning. Ultimaely, for many, learning offers the opportunity of not only attaining knowledge but learning also allows a person’s attitude to grow, or develop. Learning is the tool that affords individuals the opportunity and competence to tackle new challenges. According to the text, learning offers the potential for changes in behavior, which can be revealed clearly when conditions incite the display of this newly acquired knowledge (Terry, 2009). Difference Between Learning and Performance When distinguishing between learning and performance, it may be important to remember that learning is a knowledge that is recorded in a person’s mind, and that learning fosters what a person can do. Performance, on the other hand, reveals how well a person can do what he, or she has learned. Learning is designed to develop the skills or knowledge that under girds long-lasting understandings (University of Missouri St. Louis, n. d.). Learning usually demonstrates a comprehensiveness of application or knowledge of a skill; performance, on the other hand, assesses long-lasting understandings of a skill (UMSL, n. d.). Ultimately, only those who develop a desired level of understanding will be able to perform successfully. Comparison and Contrast of Conceptual Approaches to the Study of Learning Learning has four basic approaches: social learning, non-associative learning, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning, (also known as instrumental learning). Classical conditioning is the method of learning that is the result of learning that certain factors or elements go together. Operant conditioning is yet another type of learning. Most learning is the result of operant conditioning. Behaviors produce events through this method of learning (Kodat, 2002). Simply put, operant conditioning learning can be either a rewarding or negative experience. Non-associative learning, which is the most basic form of learning, is often called single event learning. With this method of learning a person will learn that some occurrences are irrelevant and unrelated. Next is social learning, although more prevalent in animals that may be the most similar to human beings, this type of learning is the result of being in social groups (Kodat, 2002). No matter the learning approach there will most likely be behavioral changes. Conclusion As mentioned previously, learning is defined as the experience or act of acquiring skills or knowledge through instructions or studies. Learning has also been defined as a modification of behavioral tendencies through experiences (Kodat, 2002). Learning has even been described as permenant. However, in order for individuals to tackle or demonstrate their newly acquired knowledge there must be a different or new plan of action designed at achieving a desired goal; therefore, a change must occur. Simply put, before changes can be implemented some learning must occur. Meaning that it may be extremely difficult for an individual to try to fulfill a task when he, or she has not learned how to perform the task. No matter the definition of learning, the overall concept of learning involves assisting people through the learning process. Basically, learning is whatever can be done to make learning happen. When it comes to learning there may be extreme differences in how a person processes the information he, or she is trying to learn (Terry, 2009); thankfully, diverse learning styles do indeed exist. No matter the approach or learning style both learning avenues provide features that cater to various types of learners. Ultimately because of the various approaches and learning styles, students are afforded amazing accomplishments from their learning experiences. Research Papers on The Concept of Learning and ChangeThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseStandardized TestingTrailblazing by Eric AndersonBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Project Managment Office SystemMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesResearch Process Part One

Literature Assg 2 A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literature Assg 2 A - Essay Example also has attempted to show different layers of human existence and how impulsive or biased judgements, blinded by pride or prejudice can lead to catastrophe. The King, like most of the human beings, also believed in false display of affection, whereas, he ignored and disrespected genuine feeling of those who are loyal to him. Thus, Shakespeare, within scope of the play has dealt with an essential human tendency of being attracted towards exhibition or show off or false elaboration of emotions and how an individual, trapped within such falsehood, forgets to appreciate and acknowledge genuine human feelings, consequently leading to his tragedy. Thesis Statement: The two daughters of the King surely have a major role to play in deepening the tragic plight of their father kin King Lear. However, the seeds of tragic and painful ending of the King were already sowed during Lear’s desperate rejection of Cordelia’s true affection, honesty and respect for him. Thus, besides holding the elder daughters responsible for his catastrophe, it is also important to consider his false choices, which he made out of prejudiced observation, as catalysts for his tragic end. A close and critical study of the four major Shakespearean tragedies, namely, Hamlet, King Lear, Othello and Macbeth, would clearly show that in each of these dramas the dramatist has exhibited certain common themes and a specific sequential approach to evoke the sense of tragic aesthetics. Hamlet’s tragedy is caused due to his dilemmatic nature and the existential crisis that he suffers from, in case of King Lear, the kingly pride, a stubborn sense of supremacy and overdependence to others, in this case on children, to decide the course of his life, have resulted in his fall. Finally, his realization regarding the wrong choices he made evoked in him a philosophical self that helps him to look deep in reality, keeping aside his trivial pride. Othello cannot escape his tragic plight due to the conjoint

The Political Economy of Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Political Economy of Japan - Essay Example His paper highlighted the remarkable transformation of Japanese business practices. Japanese corporations have adapted the "Choose and Focus" strategy which "enabled Japan's leading corporations, previously diversified to an exceptionally high degree, to become leaner, more nimble, and more competitive at home and in the global economy" (Schaede 2008). They did this by shedding non-core businesses and by repositioning for leadership in targeted technologies. This strategy was said to be completely opposite to Japan's previous industrial architecture but it has surprisingly created fresh market opportunities both for start-up enterprise and for foreign investors (Schaede 2008). It has challenged existing companies out of mediocrity and complacency, through series of mergers, acquisition and hostile take-overs (Schaede 2008). More importantly, this transformation was observed to have been rooted in the component and material industries rather than in consumer products (Schaede 2008). G enerally, the more lean Japanese business has proven to be an effective and competitive strategy and this is the fundamental transformation that the author is talking about. Another social scientist, T.J Pempel mentioned about fundamental transformation in the Japanese economy. It is our goal in this paper to examine if what T.J Pempel refers as a fundamental transformation is the same as that of Schaede's. Pempel mentioned at least three changes in Japan, things with regard to its political system, to its economy and to its international relations. In the political arena, the noticeable internal fragmentation of the Liberal Democratic Party, its loss of a parliamentary majority and executive control, and the introduction of a new electoral system for the Lower House of the Diet has spelled the end of the party (Pempel, 1998). Second of these changes is the economic slowdown of the once forward-heading economy. These economic turnaround from an unrelenting success was brought by the collapse of both the stock and land prices, five years of almost zero growth, international downgrading of the Japanese bonds and the collapse of numerous financial institutions among others (Pempel 1998). He also mentioned the changes in international relation, with particular focus on an apparent sibling rivalry with the United States primarily triggered by the economic competition. This competition was sh own in series of trade and market disputes. Since the paper of T.J Pempel was written a decade before that of Schaede, we can say that they are talking about different scenarios and different type of transformation. But, it is analytically obvious that the Japanese transformation mentioned by Ulrike Schaede had its origin in the political, economic and international relations changes by Pempel. Therefore, they are not mutually incompatible arguments but are complimentary. In fact, the 2008 paper of Schaede is a support to the premises of Pempel, revealing that Japan was able to move forward from the transformation that it experienced a decade ago. The fundamental business transformation of Japan was a

Interim assessment For PhD research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Interim assessment For PhD - Research Paper Example However, the cultures which are being followed in construction industry is associated with the ineffective communication and coordination among members of project team, sexual harassment, poor mentality and lack of trust among project team members. These features results in negatively affecting the overall performance of the industry (Ankrah, 2007). This research study is being conducted in order to investigate the impact of organisational culture on safety of the project with reference to the construction industry. The study also seeks to explore the impact of culture and safety on project performance. The study is based on the construction industry located in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The researcher in this study also interested in finding the current health and safety policies being adopted by construction industry in Saudi Arabia, the accidental rates in construction sites, and the factors influence in implementing safety culture in construction companies. The research would be he lpful in determining the degree to which culture influence safety and performance of the project. 1.2. Justification: Choudhry, R., Fang, D., and Lingard, H. (2009) conducted research study regarding the safety climate of the construction industry and concluded that the safety is highly important for improving the overall performance of the construction organizations and thus provided a framework for measuring the safety climate of a construction company. Fang, Chen, and Wong (2006) conducted research study on the safety climate of the construction industry in Hong Kong and presented important insights for the organisations operating in the construction industry of Hong Kong. Larsson, Pousette, and Torner (2008) and O’Toole (2002), worked on the relationship of the safety climate with the employees’ behaviour and performance. There have been few or no research studies conducted in order to explore the impact of the different cultural practices in the construction indus try on the safety and eventually the impact of the organisational culture and safety on the project performance with reference to the Saudi Arabia. Therefore this research study would be significant for researchers who would conduct research related to the topic in future. Furthermore, there are some studies conducted in this topic but they did not focus on significance of culture related to safety and performance. This study would be helpful for owners and contactors of the construction company. The study will highlight the factors influencing project performance of the construction companies. The research study will also suggest the safety techniques which should be adopted by construction companies in order to create safety environment during different projects. It will also highlight the weaknesses of the policies being adopted by construction companies in accomplishing a project. The study would also be beneficial for government of KSA in making the safety policies for construc tion industry. 2. Background 2.1. Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia: The progress of construction industry in a country shows the future progress of the country. The construction industry of Saudi Arabia is one of the largest and fast growing markets which encountered the business of $36.5 billion in 2011 and is expected to reach $43.8

The Evaluation And Selection Construction Method Of Smart Construction Essay

The Evaluation And Selection Construction Method Of Smart Construction Essay Malaysia is a rainy season country especially from November to March it will have heavy rainfall during this period. Unfortunately our capital Kuala Lumpur (KL) is located at the valley positions which frequently happen flooding problem since according to (Sin Chew Daily 2011) started from 31 December 1970 years three quarter of the city were flooded during rainy season. The flooding problem will cause the develop of our country. The impact involved of damages the lives of human, effect the economic use of the land such as the cost of land will be low because none of the owner would like have the land which frequently faced flood problem and also the structural damage such as the maintenance cost or the repair cost. Take an example according to (Datuk IR Hj) about 445 hectares of land in the city were inundated to various depths of up to 2 meter and the cost of damage was estimated to be region of RM 36 million, it was a huge amount if the problem continue for feature. Therefore Mala ysia government have come out with a solution which is invested in a program call smart tunnel project or Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel project. According to (Siao 2003) The smart tunnel project are located nearby the confluence point of Sg.Ampang river and Sg Klang river in the north and ends at the lake at Desa Water Park .The total tunnel length is 9.7 km with a bore diameter of 13.26m. The usage of smart tunnel is to solve the problem floods in Kuala Lumpur and also reduce traffic jam along Jalan Sungai Besi and low yew at Pudu during rush hour; therefore there are two components of this tunnel, the StormWater tunnel and motorway tunnel. It is the longest multi-purpose tunnel in the world. 1.2 Background The Stormwater management and road tunnel is located at the eastern side of Kuala Lumpur in a north east-south west direction. Due to the geographical environment of Kuala Lumpur are located at the valley it will stagnant water more easily and our rivers today do not have the capacity to discharge the water to another place cause Kuala Lumpur suffered serious damages during the flash flood from years 1970 until now. Accroding to(Smart project 2012) That may the reason the government come out with a solution that is smart tunnel project, the idea of smart tunnel is to decrease the flooding problem that Kuala Lumpur is face up to each time of heavily rain by divert the water entering from the critical location which is Sg.Klang,Sg.Ampang and Sg.Gombak using a holding basin ,storage reservoir and the bypass tunnel and reduce the traffic jam during rush hours in Kuala Lumpur .(Stormwater management and road tunnel project .viewed on 19 June 2012. The Smart Tunnel project was initiated by the former Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahatir Mohammad under the Malaysian development. This project is included of cooperation of local authorities, private sectors, and some international engineer consultant. For the government department involved in this project are the department of irrigation and drainage Malaysia and Malaysian Highway Authority. For the private sectors are MMC Berhad and GAMUDA Berhad . The site of Smart tunnel ground condition which consisting overburden (siltssand,alluvial tin deposits, mine tailings,slump zones over the karstic rockhead) and the limestone which are deep fissured erratic Rockhead with relief of >30m . Due to the complex ground condition the contractor of smart tunnel project have decide to use tunnel boring machine as tunnelling excavation method and few part by using cut and fill . 1.2 Problem statement and Research question The smart tunnel is consisting of two components 9.7 km route and 11.83 internal diameter was in part sized to provide a motorway and storm water tunnel, there was a problem from the different level of motorway due to when flood event whether the component of the road provide sufficient strength to support water load to transmit water throughout the tunnel. (Robert Wilson 06) The another problem of this study is smart tunnel located in Kuala Lumpur which consists of large amount of lime stone know as highly erratic karstic features. (siow 2006) because of the formation there are few difficulty problem during the excavation process there are included the earth retaining system for the shaft excavation , the selection of the suitable tunnel boring machine (TBM) for SMART project, the ground water inside the ground. The smart tunnel project completed at end of January 2007 and started with the operation mode of storm water tunnel but however the Malaysia government has allocated a huge amount of money for flood control project drainage system in smart tunnel project but the smart tunnel is unable to curb flood in Kuala Lumpur flood hit after a few days of downpour 40 years ago but today, the nightmare return after an hour of heavy rain .Is it because the river getting slimmer. (Sin Chew Daily 2011). According to(The Star 2012) There are few selected flooding area even the smart tunnel are operating but it did not solve the flooding problem in those area like KampungBaru,Ampang, Jalan Bangsar,Ampang Jaya, Jalan Pinang and Jalan Sultan ismail. 1.2.1Research question How the excavation method is carried out? What is the major excavation problems occurred? How the operation mode is functions? What the selection characteristics have to be considered for tunnel boring machine? 1.3 Objective To study the excavation methods of smart tunnel To analyse the major problem during excavation To ascertain the mode of operation stage for smart tunnel To compare the selected tunnel boring machine with alternative (TBM) 1.4 Scopes of study The scopes of study are as follow: Due to the smart tunnel location the study for this topic will be conducted in the area of Kuala Lumpur, and the area will be focus on those area involved flood problem there are Kampung Baru, Ampang, Jalan Bangsar, Ampang Jaya, Jalan Pinang and Jalan Sultan Ismail. Furthermore to study the excavation method that only applied in the construction of smart tunnel and also the ground soil condition of the smart tunnel. After that will be study on the selection characteristic tunnel boring machine, lastly is the 3 mode of operation of smart tunnel 1.5 Research Methodology Introduction This section usually is to presents an overview of the process and method to use in the study of the topic and the aim of this study is to collect information such as what is the excavation selected method of smart tunnel, during the excavation what are the major problem occurred, how the operation mode is functioned and the consideration of characterise during selection of tunnel boring machine. 1.5.2 Primary data source Questionnaire and Interview The research that I am conducting is a plain research, which intends to find out the information of why the flooding problem is still occurring and the consideration while selecting the construction method. I am going to collect primary data through survey method by using both questionnaires and interviews. The reason for combining both questionnaire and interview methods is to collect both quantitative and qualitative information from respondents. Besides, collecting data through the survey method is quicker and economic. .By utilizing the questionnaires and interview in this research I able to comprise both the quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The purpose of the interviews is to obtain an insight into the respondents. This methodology will enable me to acquire more complete picture of respondents understanding of the smart tunnel and processes by them to produce answers. The main idea is let the respondents to make judgments based on the question. Paper and pen will be p repared for those respondents which will be held separately at different times. For questionnaires, I will be targeting 100 respondents, which consists of the public field member from age 20-60. Second question from the quantitative paradigm statistically compares data, this technique will be show the scores in the results and enable me to answer the question from the score. 1.5.3 Secondary data source -Literature review The literature review is one of the important processes in order to get more understanding what the construction method was selected. All the review can be collected from the relevant article, newspaper, internet and the references book. Through the review it can develop more understanding on the selected construction method of smart tunnel. The way to collect article and newspaper can be from internet and the references book can be found out a t the college library. 1.7 Outline Chapter Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter is the introduction to explain the reason to develop the smart tunnel project. In this chapter, it will look penetrate deeply to the selected excavation method of smart tunnel, the comparison between selected tunnel boring machine (TBM) with alternative (TBM) and also the mode of operation for Smart Tunnel in order to achieve the aim and the objective of the topic and by suggest of the research methodology to gather the relevant information. Chapter 2 Literature review For this chapter are going to collect the important relevant information from the article, newspaper, data from internet and also reference book from college library. The following information will be list down for understanding for this topic in order to achieve the objective of this topic. This Chapter will be mark down the information as the following: The selected excavation method for smart tunnel. The major problem and the solution during the excavation. The three mode of operation of smart tunnel. The selected tunnel boring machine and alternative tunnel boring machine. Chapter 3 Research Methodology For this chapter it will explain the process of the research, which means the way of the researcher to find out more information and to collect the required data for data analysis purpose. For my method I will go to use interview and questionnaire to achieve my objective. Chapter 4 Data Analysis For this chapter, all the data gathered from the interview and questionnaire will then be analysed after conduct the interview and questionnaires to the relevant manager and the 100 responder from the public field to collected primary data. It will be presented in table and histogram form in order to make a conclusion for this topic. Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendation For this chapter it will base on the result obtained and write out the conclusion. Furthermore, base on the 4 chapter that was conducted out to write out the final summary for what have been studied is written. Chapter 2 Literature Review Introduction This chapter will present the general information about the excavation method of smart tunnel, the major excavation problem occurred in smart tunnel, the operation mode of the smart tunnel and the characterise between selected tunnel boring machine (TNB) and alternative TNB. Definition of excavation work Excavation consider is one of a the greatest hazardous and complex construction operations (Western Australia, 2005), excavation can divided to many type they are include of trench, deep foundation ,tunnel , shaft and also open excavation. The excavations describe as by removing the earth soil and formed a hollow or cavity earth surface. 2.2.1 The excavation method of smart tunnel The selection of excavation method of smart tunnel have consider and study by the project promoter MMC-GAMUDA joint venture and their consultants SSP in assocition with Mott MacDonald(SSP/MM) and come out with the result. According to Keizrul(2004) the choice of tunnel excavation method to have three choice there are i.e. cutcover,NATM and TBM . He point out that the cut cover method will take long time during the contraction process either selected method from bottom up or top down .On the other hand this method will be suitable for uncertain soil through the tunnelling. Furthermore according to sivalingam(2006) the meaning of cut and cover method for the smart tunnel are Lformed walls on high rock head part and secant pile walls keyed into the rock and tieback with anchors on part where the rock head drops. The rock was to be excavated by drilling and blasting as in a quarry, the walls supported by rock bolts and concrete. The same method was selected for the excavation of the shaf ts, egress ingress road trenches and of the junction boxes. Furthermore for NATM namely as New Austrian tunnelling .He have point out this method are suitable for the structure of soil to tunnel is completely understood. It will be not suitable to select this method when founded the ground condition are belong to non homogeneous material or cavity filled rock, the drill and blast. For the last excavation method point out by the Keizrul (2004) are TBM namely as Tunnel Boring Machine .The article show that the general type of TBM to pick to have three main function i.e. the open face machine for rock boring, the earth pressure balance (EPB) machine generally used for boring loose soil and the misxshield TBM for media comprising hard material interfaced with loose soil. Furthermore according to sivalingam(2006) The major excavation problem According to (Malcolm Puller, 1996) the common excavation problem will be occurred on site is the excessive deformation of the soil, soil support structure, and inadequate groundwater leaving out and not enough durability and strength of the soil support structure. Those are the major problem maybe occurred during the excavation stage. 2.3.1 The major excavation problem have occurred in smart tunnel 2.4. Operation mode of the smart tunnel The smart tunnel consisting 3 type of the operation mode, the operation mode will be based on the flood condition at the upstream of Klang River and Ampang River. (Mohd saleh santhiman Looi Hong Weei,2006,) Figure_____Tunnel operation mode Figure_____Cross section of the motorway tunnel Mode Name Description 2.4.1 Mode 1 Normal condition In this mode of condition where the motorway of tunnel are allow for the driver to access ,where there are no storm or low rainfall, does not have any flood water will be diverted into the (SMART) system 2.4.2 Mode 2 Most storms In this mode of condition where the motorway of tunnel are still allow for the driver to access and the (SMART) system will be activated, the stormwater from moderate rainfall is diverted into the bypass tunnel at the invert level(lowers segment)of the motorway tunnel. 2.4.3 Mode 3 Major Storms In this mode of condition where the motorway of tunnel will be closed to traffic. The whole tunnel will be used to mitigate the stormwater.Once the flood water level have reach a limit , in a sufficient time will be evacuate all passenger vehicles and automated water gates are activated to occupy the flood water. The anticipated duration of switching to from mode 2 to mode 3 is estimated to be about one hour. After the flood recede, the targeted duration for tunnel reopening is minimum of two days to enable for flood dewatering and cleaning. 2.5 Tunnel Boring Machine Now a days the tunnel boring machine are become popular in the construction industry while the project involved of the tunnelling process, compare with the traditional excavation method by using the tunnel boring machine the excavation process become safer, and economic for creating underground space. There is different type of the machines an example for hard ground tunnelling will be use slurry machine and rock machine, for soft ground tunnelling will be use earth pressure balance machine. (IMIA Conference Istanbul, 2009) The main function of the tunnel boring machine is to excavate tunnel with the machine and across and remove the soil component there are include variety and soil and hard rock. 2.5.1 The characterise between selected tunnel boring machine (TNB) and alternative TBM 2.5.1.1According to the (MMC-GAMUDA JV, 2009) following is the based criteria for the smart tunnel: General Geotechnical 1)The delivery time of smart tunnel must be short ,not more than one year time in order to prevent the delay of the contract program 1)The tunnel boring machine should able to process excavation under the following situation: 2) Due to the ground condition are complex the smart tunnel must be design and build to survive along the drive. 2) -The tunnel consist 70% of Limestone formation namely as marble. -The North end consist 25% of full face mine tailings -5% of the tunnel in Kenny Hill formation 3) Large, 12,25m excavation diameter 3)High groundwater table close to surface 4) )Able to negotiate tight R=200m curves; tunnel design R=250m curves 4) Extremely high permeability at open karsic solution channels 5) Low overburden: Minimum0.9D, Maximum 1.5D 5) Below of rockhead the slump zone are in the overburden 6) The tunnel should affect the environment due to the tunnel is surround the city. 6) Due to the cyclical water table changes or during earthquakes the tunnel naturally occurring sinkholes 7)Restricted access to alignment at 2/3d of the cases for ground treatment 7) Highly variable, pinnacle rockhead causing frequent mixed face condition 2.5.1.2 (TBM) Selection technical comparison points The following table are refer to (MMC-GAMUDA JV, 2009) Description Herrenknecht Hitachi Kawasaki Mitsubishi NFM General 25 14 13 6 24 Cutter head 85 53 57 33 72 Drive 65 63 50 43 62 Shield 44 30 27 21 29 Segment Handling 35 22 24 20 35 Probe drilling 10 7 7 6 12 Manlocks 17 16 8 8 24 Trailer 26 18 18 12 26 GuidanceMonitoring 44 28 31 27 42 Service 75 53 40 41 78 Slurry system 49 41 43 37 55 Total 475 345 318 254 459 Due to the higher mark and the price and delivery time is most suitable for the smart tunnel project therefore the project team have selected the Herrenknecht machine for tunnelling part. 2.5.1.3 The selected tunnel boring machine C:UsersJackyDesktoptbm.jpg Figure__ showing the cross section of the herrenknecht tunnel boring machine The characterise of the herrenknecht tunnel boring machine as following table are refer to (MMC-GAMUDA JV, 2009) 1)Cutter head diameter 13.260mm Length of shield: 10.245mm 2)Drive 4.000kW hydraulic Weight of shield: 1.500t 3) Rotation 0-3rpm Thrust cylinders: 48nos 4)Displacement thrust force:28.9KN Max.thrust 94.5KN 5)Length of machine:71m Grout line:8nos 6)Two trailer cars on haunch rails Guidance:VMT SLS-APD 7)Weight of machine: 2.500t Tailseal: 3ros,wie brushes Disc cutters:76 Nos 2.5.1.4 Special features of the Herrenknecht tunnel boring machine According to the (MMC-GAMUDA JV, 2009) there are few special feature of the herrenknecht tunnel boring machine there are include as following: The Spherical main bearing are able to negotiate tight up to minimum R200m curves By using herrenknecht tunnel boring machine the movement along the drive are easier to cutter replacement due to the cutterhead retraction up to 400m by axial displacement. Articelated tailskin to negotiate to tight curves The tunnel boring machine is able to detect the karstic features and mixed face condition by using the cutter head tilt moment indicator. Two probe drilling rigs in fixed downward looking position, mounted on the erector the rig could drill through any port in the skin.2.5.1.3 The selected tunnel boring machine Summary

Effective Communication Inside the Courtroom Essay -- Court Communicat

Effective Communication Inside the Courtroom Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth so help you God? This is a statement that is often heard inside the courtroom, one that all must swear to as they attempt to testify in a court of law. The constitution of the United States allows accused to be judged by a jury of their peers to determine their guilt or innocence (Abadinsky, 1995). In order for that to take place a trial must be conducted to allow the evidence to be presented. In order for that to happen the state must have its attorneys present the facts that have been discovered. It is the responsibility of the state attorney or prosecutor to convince the members of the jury that the events being presenting are true and that as members of society they should find the accused guilty and thus assess some type of penalty. At the same time it is the job of the defense attorneys to persuade the jury to find their client not guilty based on their story. In order for this to happen both the prosecution and the defiance must effectively communicate with the members of the jury and with other members of the court in an attempt to prevail. The proper communication techniques are very important in presenting ones case. Communication must take place between attorneys and clients, between opposite counsel and with the judge, but most importantly with the jury. Statement of the Problem Thus, the research question for this study is: How do attorneys effectively communicate inside the courtroom? Attorneys are defined as officers of the court authorized to appear before it as a representative of a party in a legal controversy. Communicate is defined as to impart knowledge, to make known, to d... ...s paper article: Lewis, N.A. (2001, September 9). Plans for web monitoring in courts dropped.The New York Times, 51,871, 34-35. 9. An Article in a scholarly journal with continuous pagination: Beitz, C. (2000). Rawls’s law of peoples. Ethics, 110, 669-696. 10. An article in a scholarly journal that paginates each issue separately: Durrell, D.D (2000). Durrell as a teacher. Journal of education, 182, 135- 158. 11. A film or video tape: Bureau of Justice (Producer) & Richardson, J.G. (Writer/Director). (1997). Bias in the courtroom. [microfilm]. United States National Center for State Courts. 12. An article off of the internet: Ramsey, G. (March 1999). Communication theories on trial: can the scales of justice be swayed by the application of communication theories? Communication & the law. Retrieved (September 17, 2001) from http:// ehostgvw9.epnet.com